Table of contents :
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE GLOBAL ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REGIME
2.1. The emergence of the international legal framework to
c
ombat money laundering
2.2. The International Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Risk-Based Approach
3. CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND MONEY LAUNDERING:
REGULATORY RISKS AND TRENDS
3.1. Risks associated with using cryptocurrencies for money laundering
3.2. Regulatory trends in the 2010s
3.
2.1. Industry self-regulation
3.
2.2. External regulation at national level
4. INTERNATIONAL AML REGULATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES
4.1. Directed international efforts
4.2. FATF’s strategy: regulating service providers
5. METHODOLOGY FOR INFORMATION GATHERING
5.1. Definition of a study subject: exchanges
5.2. Creation of the observation instrument
5.3. Sample definition - G20 members
5.4. Time scope
5.5. Sources
5.6. Summary table of regulations and sources used
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
6.1. Concepts adopted in the regulation
6.1.1. Cryptocurrency
6.1.2. Exchange
SUMMARY
6.2. Regulation about exchanges
6
.2.1. Nature of the regulatory instrument
6
.2.1.1. Legislative
6
.2.1.2. Binding non-legislative
6
.2.1.3. Recommendation
6
.2.2. Rules and obligations
6
.2.2.1. Overview of rules and obligations
6.2.2.2. User identification and cooperation
with authorities
6
.2.2.3. Record keeping obligation and
minimum storage time
6
.2.2.4. Obligation to notify suspicious transactions
and the threshold for suspicious transactions
6
.2.2.5. Provision of external supervisory authority
and registration
6.3. Regulatory compliance oversight
6.3.1. Sanctions
6.3.1.1. Sanctions of standardized enforcement
6.3.1.2. Sanctions of specific supervision
6.4. Discussion of results
6
.4.1. On the conceptual approach of the regulated theme
6
.4.2. On the character of regulation
6
.4.3. On rules and obligations
6
.4.4. On sanctions
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
8. REFERENCE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY