Regulating the future of mobility
调节未来的流动性
Balancing innovation and the public good in autonomous vehicles, shared mobility, and beyond
在自主汽车、共享交通和其他领域平衡创新和公共利益
The new mobility ecosystem offers the potential for massive benefits—and disruption. Who will ensure that still-unproven technologies improve safety and make people’s lives better? The burden will likely fall on regulators.
新的移动生态系统提供了巨大的利益和破坏的潜力。谁来确保那些还未被证实的技术能够提高安全性，改善人们的生活？这一负担可能会落在监管机构身上。
Introduction: The public good
导语：公益
RIDE-HAILING. Bikesharing. Electric vehicles. Self-driving cars. Micro-transit shuttles. E-scooters. Truck platooning. Drone delivery. These developments and more are fueling some of the most disruptive changes in transportation since the invention of the automobile. The result could be a new mobility ecosystem that enables people and goods to move faster, cheaper, cleaner, and safer than today, benefiting individual travelers, governments, businesses, and society at large.
搭车。骑自行车。电动汽车。自动驾驶汽车。微型运输班车。电动滑板车。卡车排队。无人机发射。这些和更多的发展正在推动一些最具破坏性的交通变化，因为汽车的发明。其结果可能是一个新的流动生态系统，使人们和货物比今天移动得更快、更便宜、更清洁、更安全，使个人旅行者、政府、企业和整个社会受益。
Yet it could also be a world in which unproven technologies worsen, rather than improve, safety. In which congestion increases as people abandon subways for individual robo-taxis. In which communities become transportation deserts. In which some of our most sensitive personal information—where and when and with whom we travel—could be compromised.
然而，它也可能是一个未经验证的技术使安全状况恶化而不是改善的世界。当人们放弃地铁为私人出租车时，交通拥堵增加。社区变成了交通沙漠。其中一些我们最敏感的个人信息在何时何地以及与谁一起旅行都可能被泄露。
The onus for preventing these negative outcomes rests with many participants in the mobility sphere, including the companies developing new technologies and services. But regulators and policymakers have a unique, critical role to play. While others may have laudable intentions and strive for societal benefits, it’s government that ultimately has the ability—and responsibility—to safeguard and further the public good.
防止这些负面结果的责任在于移动领域的许多参与者，包括开发新技术和服务的公司。但监管者和政策制定者可以发挥独特的关键作用。虽然其他人可能有值得称赞的意图，并努力争取社会利益，但最终有能力和责任维护和促进公共利益的是政府。
Regulating the future of mobility is a complex challenge, involving uncertain timing, authorities at multiple levels of government, and a host of issues that extend far beyond a vehicle’s ability to safely navigate city streets. The rapid pace of developments and the idiosyncrasies of any given regulator’s mandate, authority, political constraints, and resources only add to the uncertainty and complexity.
管理未来的流动性是一个复杂的挑战，涉及不确定的时间、各级政府的权威，以及一系列远远超出车辆安全驾驶城市街道能力的问题。任何给定的监管机构的授权、权力、政治约束和资源的快速发展和特质只会增加不确定性和复杂性。
In such an environment, it can be helpful to start with first principles. We have developed five guidelines for regulating emerging technologies (see figure 1),1 and this article applies those guiding principles to some of the core regulatory challenges posed by the future of mobility, including ensuring the safety and functionality of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and other new modes; establishing protocols for safely and securely managing data; and addressing congestion and ensuring access. These principles are not mutually exclusive—indeed, they are often complementary.
在这样的环境下，从第一原则开始可能会有帮助。我们已经制定了五个新技术监管指南（见图1），1本文将这些指导原则应用于未来移动带来的一些核心监管挑战，包括确保自动车辆（AVs）和其他新模式的安全和功能；建立安全和安全地管理数据；解决拥塞并确保访问。这些原则并不是相互排斥的，它们往往是相辅相成的。
Local conditions will, of course, shape any jurisdiction’s specific regulations. As with many of the issues raised by the future of mobility, one size does not fit all. Our intent is not to advocate for more (or less) regulation. Indeed, in some instances, applying our principles may result in a lighter regulatory footprint. Our aim is to offer tools to help regulators approach the complex issues associated with mobility in a way that can help foster innovation, engender economic prosperity, improve safety, and increase access to transportation.
当然，当地的情况会影响任何管辖区的具体规定。正如未来流动性带来的许多问题一样，一种规模并不适合所有人。我们的目的不是提倡更多（或更少）的监管。事实上，在某些情况下，应用我们的原则可能会导致较轻的监管足迹。我们的目标是提供工具，帮助监管机构以有助于促进创新、促进经济繁荣、改善安全和增加交通便利的方式处理与流动相关的复杂问题。