Keeping London moving
让伦敦继续前进
Transport for London’s Gareth Powell on congestion charging, new mobility solutions, and the future of transportation
伦敦加雷斯·鲍威尔的交通：拥挤收费、新的交通解决方案和交通的未来
How can cities help everyone—commuters, pedestrians, delivery vans, cyclists, taxis, buses—get where they need to go? Gareth Powell of Transport for London explains how the city has worked to get all parties on board.
城市如何帮助每个通勤者、行人、运送货车、骑自行车、出租车、公共汽车到达他们需要去的地方？伦敦交通部的加雷斯·鲍威尔（Gareth Powell）解释了伦敦是如何努力让各方都参与进来的。
Introduction: Minding the gap
注意差距
LONDON has one of the world’s largest, most sophisticated, and best-functioning transportation systems. What lessons can other cities learn from its successes and challenges? We sat down at Transport for London’s headquarters with Gareth Powell, head of Surface Transport—responsible for the city’s roads, light rail, cycling system, iconic double-decker buses, and more—to hear about congestion charging, new mobility services, open data, and what he’s most excited about.
伦敦拥有世界上最大、最先进、功能最好的交通系统之一。其他城市可以从它的成功和挑战中吸取什么教训？我们与负责伦敦道路、轻轨、自行车系统、标志性双层巴士的地面交通主管加雷斯•鲍威尔（Gareth Powell）坐在伦敦总部的交通部，听取了有关拥堵收费、新的移动服务、开放数据以及他最感兴趣的事情的更多信息。
Derek Pankratz: Congestion charging has been in the news lately, with New York most recently announcing plans to implement a plan to charge vehicles entering particular areas of Manhattan. London was certainly one of the leaders in this area, and its congestion charging scheme is now a decade-and-a-half old. What are some of the big lessons learned? If you could start with a blank slate, how would you change the plan?
德里克·潘克拉茨：拥堵收费最近一直是新闻，纽约最近宣布计划实施一项计划，对进入曼哈顿特定地区的车辆收费。伦敦无疑是这一领域的领头羊之一，它的拥堵收费计划至今已有15年历史。有哪些重要的经验教训？如果你能从一张白纸开始，你会如何改变计划？
Gareth Powell: The first thing I would say is that it is imperative to have very firm and clear political backing for anything like this. You have to bring the citizens—Londoners in our case—with you. You can’t impose it from on high. It just doesn’t work.
加雷斯·鲍威尔：我要说的第一件事是，对这样的事情必须有非常坚定和明确的政治支持。你必须把我们案件中的伦敦市民带上。你不能把它强加给高层。只是不起作用。
The second thing is that you need to be really clear about the objectives you’re trying to achieve with any charging scheme. You have to put a lot of effort into communication before, during, and after launch or you risk people seeing it as just a money-raising exercise. And you have to focus on the benefits and the purpose of the plan. At the heart of London’s original congestion charge was being able to free up road space and to be able to produce more public transport to make sure that people had alternative trip options, businesses could thrive, and the economy could grow. So that made it obvious that there was an end goal which wasn’t about raising money. It was about modal shift, about freeing up road space for bus transit, and making sure that other forms of traffic could get about in the very center of the city.
第二件事是，你需要非常清楚的目标，你试图实现任何收费计划。在发布之前、发布期间和发布之后，您必须投入大量精力进行沟通，否则您可能会让人们将其视为一项筹资活动。你必须关注计划的好处和目的。伦敦最初征收拥堵费的核心是能够腾出道路空间，能够生产更多的公共交通工具，以确保人们有其他出行选择，企业能够兴旺发达，经济能够增长。所以很明显有一个最终目标不是为了筹集资金。这是关于交通方式的转变，关于为公共汽车交通腾出道路空间，以及确保其他交通形式能够在城市的中心地区通行。