英文文献：Economic Analysis of the U.S. Fluid Milk Industry
英文文献作者：Cai, Xiaowei,Stiegert, Kyle W.
英文文献摘要：
In the literature, mixed results have been obtained from the studies that have examined the market power of dairy cooperatives and processors. As the main objective of the present work, we intend to find further empirical evidence to investigate whether the dairy cooperatives’ oligopoly power that is implicit in the dynamic pricing games exists and how it influences the beverage milk margins from 1983 to 2012. We studied three regional markets: California, New York and Wisconsin. In all regions, we found clear evidence of alternating high- and low-margin regimes during the study years which indicates slight departures from perfect competition in the U.S. fluid milk market. But the levels of departure vary across different states.