英文文献：The Impact of Ad-hoc Disaster Programs on the Use of Conservation Practices
英文文献作者：Schoengold, Karina,Ding, Ya,Headlee, Russell
英文文献摘要：
The paper estimates the impacts of risk reducing government programs on the use of conservation practices in agriculture. Specifically, conservation tillage or no-till agriculture can be used to reduce risk from weather shocks while subsidized crop insurance and disaster payments also reduce risk from weather shocks through financial assistance. The paper examines the extent to which conservation practices (i.e., private insurance) and government programs (i.e., public insur- ance) are substitutes for each other. The paper uses data on conservation practices from the Conservation Tillage Information Center. Results are estimated using instrumental variables and spatial panel data techniques. The economic model shows that government support programs and self management of risk through improved production practices are substitutes. The empirical analysis shows that producers with riskier climate conditions are more likely to use conservation tillage practices but that recent receipts of ad-hoc disaster payments and insurance indemnity payments reduce those probabilities.