英文文献：How Much DoWe Know about Rural-Urban Health Disparities: Lessons from Four Major Diseases in Virginia-他们对城乡健康差异了解多少:弗吉尼亚四种主要疾病的教训
英文文献作者：Zeng, Di,You, Wen,Mills, Bradford F.,Alwang, Jeffrey Roger,Royster, Michael,Studer, Kenneth,Anson-Dwamena, Rexford
英文文献摘要：
Health disparities are abundantly recorded in literature, but is much less understood within a rural-urban context. In this paper, four major diseases in Virginia are studied: cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease (heart disease) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Separate count data regressions are estimated at regional level to provide a primary understanding of those factors. A simultaneous equations model with rural-urban specification are then estimated via seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) techniques to take account of possible causalities among these diseases as well as error correlations, which is followed by Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of the disparity proportions explained by observed characteristics and unobserved mechanisms. The results suggest that regional-level factors are significantly correlated with health disparities between rural and urban areas. The unknown mechanisms behind these linkages are different between rural and urban areas, and explain an even larger proportion of these disparities.

在文献中有大量关于健康差异的记载，但是在农村和城市的背景下却很少被理解。本文研究了弗吉尼亚州的四大疾病:癌症、中风、心血管疾病(心脏病)和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。在区域一级估计单独的计数数据回归，以提供对这些因素的初步了解。然后，通过看似不相关的回归(SUR)技术来估计具有城乡特征的联立方程模型，以考虑这些疾病之间可能的因果关系以及误差相关性，然后对差异比例进行盲法-瓦哈卡分解，以观察到的特征和未观察到的机制加以解释。结果表明，区域层面的因素与城乡健康差异存在显著相关。这些联系背后的未知机制在农村和城市地区之间是不同的，这就解释了这些差异所占的更大比例。