英文文献：Poverty Dynamics and Vulnerability: Empirical Evidence from Smallholders in Northern Highlands of Ethiopia-贫困动态与脆弱性:来自埃塞俄比亚北部高地小农的经验证据
英文文献作者：Tsehay, Abrham Seyoum,Bauer, Siegfried
英文文献摘要：
This study is primarily intended to examine the dynamics and determinants of rural household poverty and vulnerability in Northern Highlands of Ethiopia. The data for this research is mainly based on the Ethiopian Household Survey (ERHS). Results from disaggregation of the poor indicate that ultra poverty is predominant in the area. Similarly, using a three steps feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) we found that many of the households in the region are vulnerable to poverty. However, the trend has been found to vary across villages for both poverty and vulnerability measures. Besides, poverty decomposition of sample households showed that chronic poverty is dominant while transient poverty is secondary. An implication of this is that programs targeting on poverty should primarily focus on factors causing persistence deprivation without undermining risk factors that drag households in to poverty. Finally, some of the important determining factors of observed poverty appear to impact on vulnerability to poverty differently. Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing poverty should critically consider factors that make households vulnerable to poverty.

本研究的主要目的是研究埃塞俄比亚北部高地农村家庭贫困和脆弱性的动态和决定因素。本研究的数据主要基于埃塞俄比亚家庭调查(ERHS)。贫困人口的分化结果表明，该地区以极端贫困为主。同样，使用三步可行广义最小二乘法(FGLS)，我们发现该地区的许多家庭容易陷入贫困。然而，在贫穷和脆弱性措施方面，各个村庄的趋势各不相同。此外，样本家庭的贫困分解结果显示，长期贫困占主导地位，短暂贫困占次要地位。这意味着，针对贫困的方案应主要关注导致持续性贫困的因素，而不应削弱将家庭拖入贫困的风险因素。最后，观察到的贫困的一些重要决定因素似乎对贫困脆弱性产生不同的影响。因此，旨在减少贫穷的战略应认真考虑使家庭易受贫穷影响的因素。