英文文献：Strategic Trade Policies in the U.S. Orange Juice Market: Competition between Florida and S?o Paulo-美国橙汁市场的战略贸易政策:佛罗里达和圣保罗之间的竞争
英文文献作者：Luckstead, Jeff,Devadoss, Stephen,Mittelhammer, Ron C.
英文文献摘要：
The U.S. frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) market is dominated by a small number of processors in Florida and S?o Paulo (Brazil), while the European FCOJ market is dominated by S?o Paulo FCOJ processors. Both the U.S. and European governments impose a tariff on FCOJ imports. We develop a strategic trade model to analyze the oligopolistic competition between Florida and S?o Paulo processors in the U.S. FCOJ market and S?o Paulo processors in the European FCOJ market. We analyze the effect of a change in the U.S. and European tariff on FCOJ sales and welfare. The analytical results show that a reduction in the U.S. tariff increases S?o Paulo's exports to the United States while decreasing their exports to Europe, which causes a decrease in Florida's sales in the United States. The results of a reduction in the European tariff indicate that S?o Paulo diverts its exports from the United Sates to Europe, which augments Florida's sales in the United States. Based on the strategic trade model, the structural empirical model is derived and the New Empirical Industrial Organization literature is implemented to estimate the econometric model and compute the market power of Florida and S?o Paulo producers. The Lerner Index calculation suggests that both Florida and S?o Paulo processors exert market power, but S?o Paulo have a higher markup over their marginal costs because of lower input costs. The parameterized model is used to simulate a 25% reduction in both the U.S. and European tariffs. A 25% reduction in the U.S. tariff results in an 8% decrease in Florida's market share and a 27% increase in S?o Paulo's market share in the U.S. FCOJ market. While a 25% reduction in the European tariff causes Florida's U.S. market share to increase by 2% and S?o Paulo's U.S. market share to reduce by 6%. The simulation results are consistent with the analytical results.

美国的冷冻浓缩橙汁(FCOJ)市场由佛罗里达州和巴西圣保罗的一小部分加工商主导，而欧洲的冷冻浓缩橙汁市场则由圣保罗的加工商主导。美国和欧洲政府都对进口FCOJ征收关税。我们开发了一个战略贸易模型来分析佛罗里达州和圣保罗加工商在美国FCOJ市场和圣保罗加工商在欧洲FCOJ市场之间的寡头垄断竞争。我们分析了美国和欧洲的关税变化对FCOJ销售和福利的影响。分析结果表明，美国关税的降低增加了圣保罗对美国的出口，同时减少了圣保罗对欧洲的出口，从而导致佛罗里达在美国的销售减少。欧洲关税下调的结果表明，圣保罗将其出口从美国转向了欧洲，这增加了佛罗里达在美国的销售。在战略贸易模型的基础上，推导出结构性的实证模型，并运用新的实证产业组织文献对计量模型进行估计，计算佛罗里达州和圣保罗生产者的市场力量。勒纳指数的计算表明，佛罗里达和圣保罗的处理器都具有市场实力，但圣保罗由于投入成本较低，其边际成本的加成更高。该参数化模型用于模拟美国和欧洲的关税都降低了25%。美国降低25%的关税将导致佛罗里达州的市场份额减少8%，圣保罗在美国FCOJ市场的份额增加27%。而欧洲关税下调25%则导致佛罗里达州在美国的市场份额增加2%，而圣保罗在美国的市场份额减少6%。仿真结果与解析结果吻合较好。