英文文献：Investigating the Divergence in Wheat Prices-调查小麦价格的差异
英文文献作者：Arnade, Carlos Anthony,Vocke, Gary
英文文献摘要：
This study investigates whether importers of U.S. wheat form an integrated market or a series of segmented markets. Two market integration tests are applied: one based on equilibrium price relationships and one based on disequilibrium price relationships. With the exception of a few importers, both tests tend to agree. This study also seeks to explain the reasons for the wide divergence in prices paid by importers of U.S. wheat. We find that factors such as the class of wheat which is purchased and the size of annual purchases influence pricing. We also find that there continues to be large persistence difference in the prices paid by importers.

这项研究调查了美国小麦进口商是形成了一个综合市场还是一系列的细分市场。采用了两种市场整合检验:一种基于均衡价格关系，另一种基于非均衡价格关系。除了少数进口商外，这两种测试结果趋于一致。这项研究还试图解释美国小麦进口商支付的价格出现大差异的原因。我们发现购买的小麦种类和年度购买规模等因素会影响价格。我们还发现，进口商支付的价格存在较大的持续性差异。