英文文献：Cannibalization, Innovation and Spin-outs-同类相食、创新和衍生产品
英文文献作者：James D. Campbell,April Mitchell Franco
英文文献摘要：
When an idea for a new product arrives, will it be developed and by whom? We develop a spatial model in which an idea arrives to a researcher within the firm. Products are imperfectly substitutable, so that developing a new product that is close to an existing product will cannibalize some amount of the existing product's sales, and the cost to develop a new product is higher the further it is from an existing product. Together these forces mean that there exist ideas that can be developed more efficiently by the researcher as a spin-out than by the firm (due to the cost of fit) but that the firm prefers to buy out the researcher and either develop itself or discard (due to the potential loss from cannibalization). These inefficient outcomes occur for ideas at intermediate distance from the firm's existing portfolio, and are likelier and more severe the higher is demand and the greater the degree of substitutability.

当一个新产品的想法出现时，它会被开发吗?由谁开发?我们开发了一个空间模型，在这个模型中，一个想法到达公司内部的研究人员。产品的可替代性不完全，在现有产品附近开发新产品，会挤占现有产品的一定份额，而且新产品开发成本离现有产品越远越高。一起这些力量意味着存在的想法,研究人员可以更有效地开发消磨比公司(由于合适的成本),但公司更愿意买下研究员和发展本身或丢弃(由于分流的潜在损失)。这些低效的结果发生在距离公司现有投资组合的中间距离的想法上，需求越高，可替代性越强，可能性越大，情况也越严重。