1996年

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... ...... 7
I. THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS............................ 9
A. Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 9
B. Knowledge and economics .......................................................................................................10
C. Knowledge codification ............................................................................................................12
D. Knowledge and learning ...........................................................................................................13
E. Knowledge networks ................................................................................................................14
F. Knowledge and employment.....................................................................................................16
G. Government policies.................................................................................................................18
II. THE ROLE OF THE SCIENCE SYSTEM IN THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY.........20
A. Introduction............................................................................................................................21
B. Knowledge production..............................................................................................................21
C. Knowledge transmission...........................................................................................................22
D. Knowledge transfer ..................................................................................................................24
E. Government policies .................................................................................................................26
III. INDICATORS FOR THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY...............................................28
A. Introduction.............................................................................................................................29
B. Measuring knowledge...............................................................................................................29
C. Measuring knowledge inputs ....................................................................................................31
D. Measuring knowledge stocks and flows ....................................................................................32
E. Measuring knowledge outputs...................................................................................................35
F. Measuring knowledge networks ................................................................................................39
G. Measuring knowledge and learning...........................................................................................41
H. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................43
References .......................................................................................................................................44