关于需求转换、需求增减政策的选择 单选

Which of the following is NOT a combination of an expenditure-switching and an expenditure-reducing policy? （）

a. an increase in tariffs combined with restrictive monetary policy

b. an increase in tariffs combined with restrictive fiscal policy

c. restrictive monetary policy combined with expansionary fiscal policy

d. open market sales combined with a devaluation in the currency

e. an income tax increase combined with a devaluation of the currency

谢谢各位～