如何改变个性特质|How to Enact Personality Change
Original 汪滢 吳佳煇
# 导言 #
在上篇文章中,我们了解到了个性特质是可以改变的,并且这种改变与工作环境的特征以及职业选择息息相关。例如时间需求紧、安全感不高的工作会使员工情绪变得不稳定。亦或是担任领导职务会提升一个人的尽责性特质,但也有可能强化自恋型人格特质。值得注意的是,个性改变与工作环境是双向关联的,每个人也可以有意识的选择自我个性改变。当然,这种个性改变指的是改变特定的个性特质,而非完全地改变一个人的个性。在这篇文章中,我们将详细了解如何自我主导个性改变,通过确立目标以及付出行动,滴水石穿,改变特定的个性特质,成为更好的自己。
本文的英文版是Lena Wang(汪滢)教授与Chia-Huei Wu( 吳佳煇 )教授最新发表在《今日心理学》(Psychology Today)杂志上的文章,后由汪滢教授本人授权并修订原文后,正式翻译成中文版。两位教授也是由布里斯托尔大学出版社出版的《工作和人格改变:我们的行为决定我们是谁》(Work and Personality Change: What We Do Makes Who We Are)一书的作者。
《工作和人格改变:我们的行为决定我们是谁》
书名:《工作和人格改变:我们的行为决定我们是谁》(Work and Personality Change: What We Do Makes Who We Are)
作者: Lena Wang(汪滢)与Chia-Huei Wu( 吳佳煇 )
出版社:布里斯托大学出版社
(Bristol University Press)
出版日期:2021/02/04
页数:152页
ISBN:978-1529207552
尺寸:203 x 127 mm
Lena Wang (汪滢)是澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学(RMIT)管理学高级讲师,曾任加速学习实验室的实验室和教育项目经理,以及西澳大利亚大学商学院和心理学学院的讲师。她于英国谢菲尔德大学取得工作心理学(组织心理学)博士学位,于英国华威大学取得心理学研究方法硕士学位和组织研究硕士学位。她的研究方向包括个性和个体差异、领导力/组织能力发展、多元化管理和员工福利。她曾在《应用心理学》、《组织心理学和组织行为年度回顾》、《职业与组织心理学》等顶级期刊上发表文章。她还是《应用心理学:国际评论》的现任副主编、《人际关系》的编辑委员会成员以及 Emerald 出版社丛书《全球领导力研究进展》的前任联合主编。同时,她在人力资源领域拥有超过十年的咨询经验,专门从事心理测评、人才评估和管理、领导力培训和发展等。
Chia-Huei Wu(吳佳煇)是英国利兹大学组织心理学教授,曾就职于伦敦经济学院和杜伦大学,主要研究方向为组织行为方面的主动行为(proactive behavior)、个性发展、工作设计和员工主观幸福感。此外,他还担任《人际关系》的编辑委员会成员,《商业与心理学》和《商业研究》的编委以及《管理学报》的副主编,曾获得2018 年管理学会-职业生涯分会 2018 年最佳综合论文奖,2019年欧洲工作与组织心理学协会(EAWOP)第十九届大会最佳科学论文奖,以及2014、2018、2019及2020年度体育科学研发奖。
要点!
# 大多数人表示想要改变他们个性的某些方面。
# 然而,仅仅有意愿是不足以改变一个人的个性的。真正落实个性改变需要专注和持续的努力。
# 根据你想把自己的个性改变成的样子来开展行动(例如,通过与陌生人交谈来变得更加外向)可以帮助你实现改变个性的目标。
个性不是固定不变的,相反,在一个人的一生中,个性都会改变。在之前的文章中,我们讨论了个性会发生变化的原因和方式,特别是我们的工作经历如何推动这种变化。
但我们必须要认识到,作为人类,我们并不仅仅是被动地对我们的环境做出反应。相反,我们可以采取积极主动的方法开始个性改变之旅。在这篇文章中,我们将讨论个人如何有意识地改变他们的个性并取得积极的成果。
01
为人格改变制定目标
人类的行为是由目标和意图驱动的。因此,当我们对改变个性有明确的动机、目标和愿望时,我们就可以实现个性改变。
例如,我们可能会希望变得更加外向,因为我们相信这样的个性特质可以帮助我们更有效地建立人际关系;另一方面,我们可能会希望减少自己的神经敏感度,认为更稳定的情绪控制能让我们在日常生活中获得更多精神上的安宁。研究人员发现,当被问到相关问题时,绝大多数人回答说他们的确想要改变自己个性的某些方面。
为什么人们想要改变自己的个性呢?研究表明,人们现有的个性特质与他们想要改变该特征的愿望之间存在逆相关。换句话说,我们希望在我们目前欠缺的方面有所改进;而这可能是因为我们所缺乏的个性特征(例如情绪稳定性低)是造成我们对生活不满的根源。一般来说,找出并制订个性改变的目标非常重要,因为这些目标会激励我们弥合现实与理想之间的差距。
02
努力实现个性改变目标
有目标很重要,但光有目标并不能保证实际改变。归根结底,要开始并实现一个人的个性改变需要付出不懈的努力。
最新的实证研究表明,只有当一个人在一段时间内积极参与与特定个性特征相关的具体行为时,他/她的人格才会发生变化。例如,打算增加外向性人格特质的人需要持续地进行诸如与陌生人交谈之类的行为。如果这个人只是有改变自己的目标意愿,而没有真正付诸实践,那么他们就不太可能实现具体的改变。
我们了解到,许多有动力改变自己的人会积极地投入时间、金钱和精力到这一计划中——例如,有目的地参与相关的活动和项目,阅读大量自助书籍,参加个人发展培训计划,等等。尽管有时需要付出多年的努力,但这样的人会更有可能有效地实现个性改变,成为更好的自己。
结语
自我主导的个性改变不仅是可能的,而且是令人向往的。只要我们有明确的目标,付出实际的努力,并持之以恒,我们每个人都能够改进自己,塑造新的个性特质。对于自己的个性,我们不应该满足于采取一种固定的认知,也没有理由回避人生中最重要的使命——让自己变得更好,这样我们才能过上更快乐、更成功、更有意义的生活。
以下为英文原文
How to Enact Personality Change Personality change can be self-directed.
Here’s how to get started.
KEY POINTS
■ The majority of individuals report wanting to change some aspects of their personality.
■ Simply wanting to change one's personality, however, isn't enough. Achieving concrete personality change requires dedicated and ongoing effort.
■ Behaving in ways that reflect your desired personality—like talking to strangers to become more extraverted—can help make change goals a reality.
Personality is not fixed and instead can change across someone’s lifespan. In our earlier posts, we discussed why and how personality can change and in particular, how such change can be driven by our work experiences.
It is important to point out, however, that we as human beings do not merely respond passively to our environment. Instead, we can take a proactive approach in embarking on a journey towards personality change. In this post, we discuss how individuals can intentionally enact their personality change and achieve positive results.
#01
Developing Goals for Personality Change
Human behaviours are driven by goals and intentions. Hence, personality change can be enacted when we have clear motivations, goals, and desires for such a change.
For instance, we might desire to become more extraverted if we believe such a personality attribute can enable us to be more effective in networking and building interpersonal relationships; on the other hand, we may wish to reduce our neuroticism, hoping that a more stable emotional tendency would render us more mental peace in our daily lives. Researchers have found that when asked, the vast majority of individuals report that they want to change some aspects of their personality.
Why do people want to change their personality? Research has indicated that there is an inverse correlation between people’s current standing on a certain trait and their desire to change that trait. In other words, we desire to improve on areas that we are currently lacking, possibly because what we lack (e.g. having low emotional stability) may be the source of our dissatisfaction with our life. In general, identifying and developing goals towards personality change is important, as those goals would motivate us to bridge the gap between who we are and who we want to be.
#02
Striving Towards Personality Change Goals
Having goals is important, but it does not guarantee change. Ultimately, enacting and achieving concrete change in one’s personality requires dedicated and ongoing efforts.
Recent empirical research has indicated that it is only when individuals actively engage, over a certain period of time, in concrete behaviours that are relevant to a certain trait that personality change can occur. For instance, individuals who intend to increase on the personality trait of extraversion would need to engage in behaviours like talking to strangers on an ongoing basis. If individuals merely have goals to change oneself but are not actually putting efforts into following through, they are not likely to achieve concrete change.
We know that many people who are motivated towards changing themselves also actively invest time, money, and energy into this endeavour — such as through purposefully engaging in certain activities and projects, reading numerous self-help books, going into personal development training programs, and more. Despite sometimes taking years of effort, these individuals appear to be more likely to effectively achieve personality change and become a better version of themselves.
/ The Takeaway/
Self-pursued and self-directed personality change is not only possible but desirable. All of us are able to improve ourselves and adopt new personalities as long as we have clear goals, put in concrete efforts, and persist over time. There is no reason to settle for a fixed belief about “who we are” and to shy away from taking on one’s most critical life tasks — changing oneself for the better, so that we can lead a happier, more successful and more rewarding life.
作者:Lena Wang(汪滢)与Chia-Huei Wu( 吳佳煇)
原标题:《如何进行个性改变:个性改变可以由自我主导。我们该如何开始改变?》(How to Enact Personality Change:Personality change can be self-directed. Here’s how to get started.)
来源:《今日心理学》(Psychology Today 2021/06/30)
翻译:顾欣容
导言:顾欣容
校对:Lena Wang(汪滢)
编辑:王夏瑶