你尝试一下在Excel里处理好了再导入Stata软件

Precision of numeric storage types

    floats have about 7 digits of accuracy; the magnitude of the number does not matter.  Thus, 1234567
    can be stored perfectly as a float, as can 1234567e+20.  The number 123456789, however, would be
    rounded to 123456792.  In general, this rounding does not matter.

    If you are storing identification numbers, the rounding could matter.  If the identification
    numbers are integers and take 9 digits or less, store them as longs; otherwise, store them as
    doubles.  doubles have 16 digits of accuracy.


这是帮助里面写的。
double是存储最精确了，但最长只能16位，超过16位就不能精确计算了。
而你的数据整数和小数位数长度超过16了