摘要翻译：
热力学定律为连续极限下的平衡系统提供了一个明确的温度概念。同时，均分定理允许人们将动能的系综平均值与均匀温度联系起来。然而，当一个系统或它的环境远离平衡时，这种关联并不一定适用。在小系统中，回归假设甚至可能不适用。在这里，我们证明了在小的非平衡系统中，回归假设仍然成立，尽管有一个广义的温度定义。现在必须为每一个这样的表现定义后者。
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英文标题：
《The ontology of temperature in nonequilibrium systems》
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作者：
Alex V. Popov and Rigoberto Hernandez
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  The laws of thermodynamics provide a clear concept of the temperature for an equilibrium system in the continuum limit. Meanwhile, the equipartition theorem allows one to make a connection between the ensemble average of the kinetic energy and the uniform temperature. When a system or its environment is far from equilibrium, however, such an association does not necessarily apply. In small systems, the regression hypothesis may not even apply. Herein, we show that in small nonequilibrium systems, the regression hypothesis still holds though with a generalized definition of the temperature. The latter must now be defined for each such manifestation.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/705.0745