摘要翻译：
在这篇论文中，我对小系统中与非平衡涨落有关的几个主题进行了概述。我从一般讨论涨落定理和从物理和生物学中提取的物理例子的应用开始：光阱中的珠子和单分子力实验。接下来，我提出了路径热力学的一般讨论，并将功/热涨落的分布视为大偏差函数。然后从小的协同重排区域引起的非平衡涨落的角度讨论了玻璃动力学的主题。最后，我以一个关于未来前景的简短题外话结束。
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英文标题：
《Nonequilibrium fluctuations in small systems: From physics to biology》
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作者：
F. Ritort
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Disordered Systems and Neural Networks        无序系统与神经网络
分类描述：Glasses and spin glasses; properties of random, aperiodic and quasiperiodic systems; transport in disordered media; localization; phenomena mediated by defects and disorder; neural networks
眼镜和旋转眼镜；随机、非周期和准周期系统的性质；无序介质中的传输；本地化；由缺陷和无序介导的现象；神经网络
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英文摘要：
  In this paper I am presenting an overview on several topics related to nonequilibrium fluctuations in small systems. I start with a general discussion about fluctuation theorems and applications to physical examples extracted from physics and biology: a bead in an optical trap and single molecule force experiments. Next I present a general discussion on path thermodynamics and consider distributions of work/heat fluctuations as large deviation functions. Then I address the topic of glassy dynamics from the perspective of nonequilibrium fluctuations due to small cooperatively rearranging regions. Finally, I conclude with a brief digression on future perspectives.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/705.0455