摘要翻译：
目的：应激激素与时间折扣有关。尽管时间贴现率在长期内是稳定的，但迄今为止还没有研究表明，个体应激激素的差异是否可以预测个体在相对遥远的未来（例如六个月后）的时间贴现率，这是应激成瘾关联的神经经济学感兴趣的问题。方法：我们评估了87名受试者的唾液应激激素（皮质醇、可的松和α-淀粉酶）水平和由三个幅度组成的延迟奖励的双曲线折扣，时间间隔为6个月。对于唾液类固醇的测定，我们采用液相色谱/质谱（LC/MS）方法。研究了应激激素水平与时间折扣率之间的关系。结果：我们观察到从不吸烟者唾液α-淀粉酶(sAA)水平与时间折扣率呈负相关。值得注意的是，唾液中的应激类固醇（即皮质醇和可的松）水平分别与男性和女性的时间折扣率呈负相关和正相关，在从不吸烟者中也是如此。这些压力荷尔蒙水平并不能预测吸烟者的折扣率。结论：应激激素水平的个体差异预测了未来时间折扣的冲动性。应激激素对时间折扣的影响存在性别差异；而sAA与时间折扣的关系不存在性别差异。
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英文标题：
《Stress hormones predict hyperbolic time-discount rates six months later
  in adults》
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作者：
Taiki Takahashi (1), Mizuho Shinada (1), Keigo Inukai (1,2), Shigehito
  Tanida (1), Chisato Takahashi (1), Nobuhiro Mifune (1,2), Haruto Takagishi
  (1,2), Yutaka Horita (1,2), Hirofumi Hashimoto (1,2), Kunihiro Yokota (1),
  Tatsuya Kameda (1), Toshio Yamagishi (1) ((1) Department of Behavioral
  Science, Hokkaido University, (2) Japan Society for the Promotion of
  Sciences)
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最新提交年份：
2011
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Neurons and Cognition        神经元与认知
分类描述：Synapse, cortex, neuronal dynamics, neural network, sensorimotor control, behavior, attention
突触，皮层，神经元动力学，神经网络，感觉运动控制，行为，注意
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  Objectives: Stress hormones have been associated with temporal discounting. Although time-discount rate is shown to be stable over a long term, no study to date examines whether individual differences in stress hormones could predict individuals' time-discount rates in the relatively distant future (e.g., six month later), which is of interest in neuroeconomics of stress-addiction association.   Methods: We assessed 87 participants' salivary stress hormone (cortisol, cortisone, and alpha-amylase) levels and hyperbolic discounting of delayed rewards consisting of three magnitudes, at the time-interval of six months. For salivary steroid assays, we employed a liquid chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) method. The correlations between the stress hormone levels and time-discount rates were examined.   Results: We observed that salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels were negatively associated with time-discount rates in never-smokers. Notably, salivary levels of stress steroids (i.e., cortisol and cortisone) negatively and positively related to time-discount rates in men and women, respectively, in never-smokers. Ever-smokers' discount rates were not predicted from these stress hormone levels.   Conclusions: Individual differences in stress hormone levels predict impulsivity in temporal discounting in the future. There are sex differences in the effect of stress steroids on temporal discounting; while there was no sex defference in the relationship between sAA and temporal discounting.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.6489