摘要翻译：
将先前导出的经典外力作用于量子系统的功的特征函数的表达式推广到所考虑的系统的任意初始态和具有简并谱的哈密顿量。在微正则初态的特殊情况下，给出了特征函数和相应的功的概率密度的显式表达式。讨论了它们的经典极限及其与相应规范表达式的关系。本文导出了一个涨落定理，它用相应的初哈密顿量和终哈密顿量表示一个过程及其时间反转的工作概率与微正则平衡系统的态密度之比，并由此导出了不涉及时间反转过程的不同系统的熵之间的关系。这一功熵定理提供了一种实验上容易获得的测量熵的方法。
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英文标题：
《Microcanonical quantum fluctuation theorems》
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作者：
Peter Talkner, Peter Hanggi, Manuel Morillo
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最新提交年份：
2008
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
  Previously derived expressions for the characteristic function of work performed on a quantum system by a classical external force are generalized to arbitrary initial states of the considered system and to Hamiltonians with degenerate spectra. In the particular case of microcanonical initial states explicit expressions for the characteristic function and the corresponding probability density of work are formulated. Their classical limit as well as their relations to the respective canonical expressions are discussed. A fluctuation theorem is derived that expresses the ratio of probabilities of work for a process and its time reversal to the ratio of densities of states of the microcanonical equilibrium systems with corresponding initial and final Hamiltonians.From this Crooks-type fluctuation theorem a relation between entropies of different systems can be derived which does not involve the time reversed process. This entropy-from-work theorem provides an experimentally accessible way to measure entropies.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/707.2307