摘要翻译：
我们为非专家回顾了（理论）物理和信息之间的界面。首先在热力学的背景下，然后在统计力学的背景下，描述了与熵概念有关的信息的起源。对统计力学基础的仔细研究和调和世界的概率和确定性观点的需要导致我们讨论混沌动力学，在混沌动力学中，信息在量化可预测性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然后，我们讨论在定义信息时出现的各种基本问题，以及在讨论有序、无序和不完全知识等概念时必须如何谨慎。我们还讨论了熵的另一种形式及其与非平衡态热力学的可能相关性。在论文的最后一部分，我们讨论了量子力学是如何产生与此截然不同的量子信息概念的。由于量子力学中固有的大规模并行处理，信息存储和计算有了全新的可能性。我们还指出如何将熵扩展到量子力学中，为量子纠缠提供一种有用的测量方法。最后，我们对量子理论和广义相对论之间的界面作了一个小的探索，在那里我们面临着黑洞物理提出的“终极信息悖论”。在这次审查中，我们限制了自己；并不是所有涉及物理和信息的相关主题都可以涵盖。
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英文标题：
《The Physics of Information》
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作者：
F. Alexander Bais and J. Doyne Farmer
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Classical Physics        经典物理学
分类描述：Newtonian and relativistic dynamics; many particle systems; planetary motions; chaos in classical dynamics. Maxwell's  equations and  dynamics of charged systems and  electromagnetic forces in materials. Vibrating systems such as membranes and cantilevers; optomechanics. Classical waves, including acoustics and elasticity; physics of music and musical instruments. Classical thermodynamics and  heat flow problems.
牛顿和相对论动力学；许多粒子系统；行星运动；经典动力学中的混沌。材料中带电系统和电磁力的麦克斯韦方程组和动力学。振动系统，如薄膜和悬臂；光学力学。经典波，包括声学和弹性；音乐和乐器物理学。经典热力学和热流问题。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics        统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology        广义相对论与量子宇宙学
分类描述：General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Areas of gravitational physics, including experiments and observations related to the detection and interpretation of gravitational waves, experimental tests of gravitational theories, computational general relativity, relativistic astrophysics, solutions to Einstein's equations and their properties, alternative theories of gravity, classical and quantum cosmology, and quantum gravity.
广义相对论和量子宇宙学引力物理领域，包括与探测和解释引力波有关的实验和观测、引力理论的实验检验、计算广义相对论、相对论天体物理学、爱因斯坦方程及其性质的解、引力的替代理论、经典宇宙学和量子宇宙学以及量子引力。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：General Physics        普通物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Quantum Physics        量子物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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英文摘要：
  We review of the interface between (theoretical) physics and information for non-experts. The origin of information as related to the notion of entropy is described, first in the context of thermodynamics then in the context of statistical mechanics. A close examination of the foundations of statistical mechanics and the need to reconcile the probabilistic and deterministic views of the world leads us to a discussion of chaotic dynamics, where information plays a crucial role in quantifying predictability. We then discuss a variety of fundamental issues that emerge in defining information and how one must exercise care in discussing concepts such as order, disorder, and incomplete knowledge. We also discuss an alternative form of entropy and its possible relevance for nonequilibrium thermodynamics.   In the final part of the paper we discuss how quantum mechanics gives rise to the very different concept of quantum information. Entirely new possibilities for information storage and computation are possible due to the massive parallel processing inherent in quantum mechanics. We also point out how entropy can be extended to apply to quantum mechanics to provide a useful measurement for quantum entanglement.   Finally we make a small excursion to the interface betweeen quantum theory and general relativity, where one is confronted with an "ultimate information paradox" posed by the physics of Black Holes.   In this review we have limited ourselves; not all relevant topics that touch on physics and information could be covered.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/708.2837