摘要翻译：
近年来，规划界的研究越来越趋向于将规划师应用于既涉及时间又涉及多种资源类型的现实问题。例如，space res earch社区对规划所表现出的兴趣启发了观测计划、行星漫游车和航天器控制领域的工作。其他时间和资源密集的领域，包括物流规划、工厂控制和制造，也有助于将社区集中在建模和推理问题上，这些问题必须面对，以使规划技术应对应用的挑战。国际规划竞赛是1998年以来规划工作取得进步的重要动力。第三次com请愿（于2002年举行）给规划界带来了处理tim e和数字资源的挑战。这就需要开发一种能够表达规划域的时间和数字特性的建模语言ge。在本文中，我们描述了在比赛中使用的语言PDDL2.1。我们描述了该语言的语法，它的形式语义和并发计划的验证。我们注意到PDDL2.1具有相当大的建模能力--超过了当前规划技术的能力--并给研究界带来了许多重要的挑战。
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英文标题：
《PDDL2.1: An Extension to PDDL for Expressing Temporal Planning Domains》
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作者：
M. Fox, D. Long
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最新提交年份：
2011
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分类信息：

一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Artificial Intelligence        人工智能
分类描述：Covers all areas of AI except Vision, Robotics, Machine Learning, Multiagent Systems, and Computation and Language (Natural Language Processing), which have separate subject areas. In particular, includes Expert Systems, Theorem Proving (although this may overlap with Logic in Computer Science), Knowledge Representation, Planning, and Uncertainty in AI. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes I.2.0, I.2.1, I.2.3, I.2.4, I.2.8, and I.2.11.
涵盖了人工智能的所有领域，除了视觉、机器人、机器学习、多智能体系统以及计算和语言（自然语言处理），这些领域有独立的学科领域。特别地，包括专家系统，定理证明（尽管这可能与计算机科学中的逻辑重叠），知识表示，规划，和人工智能中的不确定性。大致包括ACM学科类I.2.0、I.2.1、I.2.3、I.2.4、I.2.8和I.2.11中的材料。
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英文摘要：
  In recent years research in the planning community has moved increasingly toward s application of planners to realistic problems involving both time and many typ es of resources. For example, interest in planning demonstrated by the space res earch community has inspired work in observation scheduling, planetary rover ex ploration and spacecraft control domains. Other temporal and resource-intensive domains including logistics planning, plant control and manufacturing have also helped to focus the community on the modelling and reasoning issues that must be confronted to make planning technology meet the challenges of application. The International Planning Competitions have acted as an important motivating fo rce behind the progress that has been made in planning since 1998. The third com petition (held in 2002) set the planning community the challenge of handling tim e and numeric resources. This necessitated the development of a modelling langua ge capable of expressing temporal and numeric properties of planning domains. In this paper we describe the language, PDDL2.1, that was used in the competition. We describe the syntax of the language, its formal semantics and the validation of concurrent plans. We observe that PDDL2.1 has considerable modelling power --- exceeding the capabilities of current planning technology --- and presents a number of important challenges to the research community.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.4561