摘要翻译：
国际货币基金组织(IMF)向经济动荡的成员国提供财政援助，但同时要求这些国家改革公共政策。在一些情况下，这些改革与人口健康不一致。虽然研究人员对这些改革对健康的影响进行了实证分析，但没有分析确定对人口健康的影响和经济结果之间的公平权衡。我们的文章分析并确定了管理这些权衡的原则。首先，本文回顾了现有的政策评估研究，这些研究表明，总的来说，货币基金组织的政策在追求宏观经济改善的过程中经常对儿童健康和物质标准造成不利影响。其次，本文讨论了分配伦理学中的四种理论（最大化、平等主义、先验主义和充分主义），以确定哪一种理论最符合国际货币基金组织的核心使命，即改善宏观经济学（协议条款），同时平衡对健康的影响。通过对国际货币基金组织政策的分配伦理分析，我们认为充分主义是最兼容的理论。第三，本文对协议条款进行了定性描述，并用因果推理的语言将充分原则形式化。我们还提供了一个框架，说明如何从观察数据中实证衡量国际货币基金组织政策在人口健康和经济结果之间公平权衡的程度。最后，我们提出了政策建议和对未来研究的建议。
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英文标题：
《Combining distributive ethics and causal Inference to make trade-offs
  between austerity and population health》
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作者：
Adel Daoud, Anders Herlitz, and SV Subramanian
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computers and Society        计算机与社会
分类描述：Covers impact of computers on society, computer ethics, information technology and public policy, legal aspects of computing, computers and education. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes K.0, K.2, K.3, K.4, K.5, and K.7.
涵盖计算机对社会的影响、计算机伦理、信息技术和公共政策、计算机的法律方面、计算机和教育。大致包括ACM学科类K.0、K.2、K.3、K.4、K.5和K.7中的材料。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides financial assistance to its member-countries in economic turmoil, but requires at the same time that these countries reform their public policies. In several contexts, these reforms are at odds with population health. While researchers have empirically analyzed the consequences of these reforms on health, no analysis exist on identifying fair tradeoffs between consequences on population health and economic outcomes. Our article analyzes and identifies the principles governing these tradeoffs. First, this article reviews existing policy-evaluation studies, which show, on balance, that IMF policies frequently cause adverse effects on child health and material standards in the pursuit of macroeconmic improvement. Second, this article discusses four theories in distributive ethics (maximization, egalitarianianism, prioritarianiasm, and sufficientarianism) to identify which is the most compatible with the core mission of the IMF, that is, improved macroeconomics (Articles of Agreement) while at the same time balancing consequences on health. Using a distributive-ethics analyses of IMF polices, we argue that sufficientarianism is the most compatible theory. Third, this article offer a qualitative rearticulation of the Articles of Agreement, and formalize sufficientarian principles in the language of causal inference. We also offer a framework on how to empirically measure, from observational data, the extent that IMF policies trade off fairly between population health and economic outcomes. We conclude with policy recommendations and suggestions for future research.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.15550