英文标题：
《Quantum attacks on Bitcoin, and how to protect against them》
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作者：
Divesh Aggarwal, Gavin K. Brennen, Troy Lee, Miklos Santha, Marco
  Tomamichel
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最新提交年份：
2017
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英文摘要：
  The key cryptographic protocols used to secure the internet and financial transactions of today are all susceptible to attack by the development of a sufficiently large quantum computer. One particular area at risk are cryptocurrencies, a market currently worth over 150 billion USD. We investigate the risk of Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, to attacks by quantum computers. We find that the proof-of-work used by Bitcoin is relatively resistant to substantial speedup by quantum computers in the next 10 years, mainly because specialized ASIC miners are extremely fast compared to the estimated clock speed of near-term quantum computers. On the other hand, the elliptic curve signature scheme used by Bitcoin is much more at risk, and could be completely broken by a quantum computer as early as 2027, by the most optimistic estimates. We analyze an alternative proof-of-work called Momentum, based on finding collisions in a hash function, that is even more resistant to speedup by a quantum computer. We also review the available post-quantum signature schemes to see which one would best meet the security and efficiency requirements of blockchain applications.
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中文摘要：
当今用于保护互联网和金融交易安全的关键密码协议都容易受到足够大的量子计算机开发的攻击。面临风险的一个特定领域是加密货币，该市场目前价值超过1500亿美元。我们调查比特币和其他加密货币受到量子计算机攻击的风险。我们发现，比特币所使用的工作证明相对而言，在未来10年内，量子计算机的大幅加速是难以实现的，这主要是因为专用ASIC矿工与近期量子计算机的估计时钟速度相比，速度非常快。另一方面，比特币使用的椭圆曲线签名方案风险更大，最乐观的估计是，最早可能在2027年被量子计算机完全破坏。我们分析了另一种称为动量的工作证明，其基础是在哈希函数中发现碰撞，这种碰撞更能抵抗量子计算机的加速。我们还审查了可用的后量子签名方案，以确定哪种方案最能满足区块链应用程序的安全性和效率要求。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Quantum Physics        量子物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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