英文标题：
《Meeting Global Cooling Demand with Photovoltaics during the 21st Century》
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作者：
Hannu S. Laine, Jyri Salpakari, Erin E. Looney, Hele Savin, Ian Marius
  Peters and Tonio Buonassisi
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最新提交年份：
2019
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英文摘要：
  Space conditioning, and cooling in particular, is a key factor in human productivity and well-being across the globe. During the 21st century, global cooling demand is expected to grow significantly due to the increase in wealth and population in sunny nations across the globe and the advance of global warming. The same locations that see high demand for cooling are also ideal for electricity generation via photovoltaics (PV). Despite the apparent synergy between cooling demand and PV generation, the potential of the cooling sector to sustain PV generation has not been assessed on a global scale. Here, we perform a global assessment of increased PV electricity adoption enabled by the residential cooling sector during the 21st century. Already today, utilizing PV production for cooling could facilitate an additional installed PV capacity of approximately 540 GW, more than the global PV capacity of today. Using established scenarios of population and income growth, as well as accounting for future global warming, we further project that the global residential cooling sector could sustain an added PV capacity between 20-200 GW each year for most of the 21st century, on par with the current global manufacturing capacity of 100 GW. Furthermore, we find that without storage, PV could directly power approximately 50% of cooling demand, and that this fraction is set to increase from 49% to 56% during the 21st century, as cooling demand grows in locations where PV and cooling have a higher synergy. With this geographic shift in demand, the potential of distributed storage also grows. We simulate that with a 1 m$^3$ water-based latent thermal storage per household, the fraction of cooling demand met with PV would increase from 55% to 70% during the century. These results show that the synergy between cooling and PV is notable and could significantly accelerate the growth of the global PV industry.
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中文摘要：
空间调节，尤其是制冷，是全球人类生产力和福祉的关键因素。在21世纪，由于全球阳光充足的国家财富和人口的增加以及全球变暖的加剧，全球冷却需求预计将显著增长。同样需要大量冷却的地区也非常适合通过光伏发电（PV）进行发电。尽管冷却需求与光伏发电之间存在明显的协同效应，但尚未在全球范围内评估冷却部门维持光伏发电的潜力。在这里，我们对21世纪住宅制冷行业增加的光伏发电采用量进行了全球评估。目前，利用光伏生产进行冷却可以增加约540 GW的光伏装机容量，超过今天的全球光伏装机容量。利用人口和收入增长的既定情景，并考虑到未来的全球变暖，我们进一步预测，在21世纪的大部分时间里，全球住宅制冷行业每年可以维持20-200 GW的新增光伏发电能力，与当前100 GW的全球制造能力持平。此外，我们发现，在没有存储的情况下，光伏可以直接为约50%的冷却需求提供电力，而随着光伏和冷却具有更高协同效应的地区冷却需求的增长，这一比例在21世纪将从49%增加到56%。随着需求的地域变化，分布式存储的潜力也在增长。我们模拟了在每户100万美元的水基潜热储存条件下，光伏满足的制冷需求比例在本世纪将从55%增加到70%。这些结果表明，制冷和光伏之间的协同效应是显著的，可以显著加速全球光伏产业的增长。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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