英文标题：
《CostMAP: An open-source software package for developing cost surfaces》
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作者：
Brendan Hoover, Richard S. Middleton, and Sean Yaw
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最新提交年份：
2019
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英文摘要：
  Cost Surfaces are a quantitative means of assigning social, environmental, and engineering costs that impact movement across landscapes. Cost surfaces are a crucial aspect of route optimization and least cost path (LCP) calculations and are used in a wide range of disciplines including computer science, landscape ecology, and energy infrastructure modeling. Linear features present a key weakness to traditional routing calculations along costs surfaces because they cannot identify whether moving from a cell to its adjacent neighbors constitutes crossing a linear barrier (increased cost) or following a corridor (reduced cost). Following and avoiding linear features can drastically change predicted routes. In this paper, we introduce an approach to address this \"adjacency\" issue using a search kernel that identifies these critical barriers and corridors. We have built this approach into a new Java-based open-source software package called CostMAP (cost surface multi-layer aggregation program), which calculates cost surfaces and cost networks using the search kernel. CostMAP not only includes the new adjacency capability, it is also a versatile multi-platform package that allows users to input multiple GIS data layers and to set weights and rules for developing a weighted-cost network. We compare CostMAP performance with traditional cost surface approaches and show significant performance gains, both following corridors and avoiding barriers, using examples in a movement ecology framework and pipeline routing for carbon capture, and storage (CCS). We also demonstrate that the new software can straightforwardly calculate cost surfaces on a national scale.
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中文摘要：
成本面是分配社会、环境和工程成本的一种定量方法，这些成本会影响整个景观的移动。成本面是路线优化和最小成本路径（LCP）计算的一个重要方面，广泛应用于计算机科学、景观生态学和能源基础设施建模等学科。线性特征是沿成本曲面进行传统布线计算的一个关键弱点，因为它们无法确定从单元移动到相邻单元是构成跨越线性屏障（成本增加）还是沿着走廊（成本减少）。遵循和避免线性特征可以极大地改变预测的路线。在本文中，我们介绍了一种方法来解决这个“邻接”问题，使用一个搜索内核来识别这些关键障碍和走廊。我们已经将这种方法构建到一个新的基于Java的开源软件包CostMAP（cost surface multi-layer aggregation program）中，该软件包使用搜索内核计算成本曲面和成本网络。CostMAP不仅包括新的邻接功能，它还是一个多功能的多平台软件包，允许用户输入多个GIS数据层，并为开发加权成本网络设置权重和规则。我们将CostMAP性能与传统的成本面方法进行了比较，并通过运动生态学框架和碳捕获与储存（CCS）管道路由中的示例，展示了在遵循走廊和避免障碍方面的显著性能增益。我们还证明，新软件可以在全国范围内直接计算成本面。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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