华慧考博:考博英语选词填空解题技巧以及解题步骤

常规完形填空是大部分考博院校的必考题型，大部分考生对于常规完型并不陌生，因为从初中开始我们就开始接触这一类题型。但是对于非常规完型，尤其是选词填空这一题型确实是很多考生的一大难题，尤其是近年来很多院校慢慢地把选词填空这一题型加入英语考试的考察中，比如上海交通大学等。
选词完型题型主要是测试考生对语篇的整体理解能力以及实际运用语言的能力。它需要考生综合考虑短文的内容安排、结构组织、内在逻辑以及语言特色，主要测试内容为词汇辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配、语法结构、逻辑推理等方面的知识和运用能力。
选词填空题型特征：文章通常留有15个空白格，然后在文章前面附上15个单词，然后要求考生从中选择15个恰当的单词及其形式填入空白处，且很多时候需要将填入的单词根据时态和语态进行正确变形。词性的转化是很多考生对于这一类题型无从下手并严重失分的重要原因。
针对这一类题型，其解题步骤总体来说分为三步：确定词、确定词性、确定词形。

• 读备选单词。解读备选单词并确定其可能词性，不需要知道所有的词性以及意思，但是我们要做到心中有数。考博英语中通常考察的还是单词常用意思以及相关词性的变化，或者在解读备选单词过程中，发现很多时候会出现同义词。对于单词的词性转换，基本上都是形容词副词之间的转换，或者动词改为过去分词、现在分词形式等。
• 细读文章。从头至尾逐句细读文章，注意前后文逻辑关系，先完成能在第一遍读文章时就可以做出来的题目。主要根据单词意思做答案，但要注意词性的转换。
• 文章选读。在第一遍解读完之后，对于一些不能做出来的题目，再一次仔细精读确定答案。这时候可以根据前后文进行仔细精读，做出判断选出最后的答案。
• 通读全文。所有答案做出来之后，通读全文，进行最后一步的检查，避免粗心做错题目。这一步要整体把握文章，注意文章意思是否连贯、句子是否流畅、逻辑关系是否合理。
  

这里选取一篇选词填空文章进行解读：
A) conform B) eccentric C) environmentalist
D) expeditions E) impact F) notion
G) organic H) originally I) recognition
J) respond K) subordinate L) suppressing
M) throne N) unnatural O) urge
His future subjects have not always treated the Prince of Wales with the respect one might expect. They laughed in 1986 when the heir to the British __36__ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous — "My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day," he has confided to aides(随从) — but listening to Charles Windsor can indeed prove stimulating. The royal __37__ has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. Some of his __38__. which once sounded a bit weird, were simply ahead of their time. Now, finally, the world seems to be catching up with him.
Take his views on farming. Prince Charles' Duchy Home Farm went __39__ back in 1986, when most shoppers cared only about the low price tag on suspiciously blemish-free (无瑕疵的) vegetables and __40__ large chickens piled high in supermarkets.
His warnings on climate change proved farsighted, too. Charles began __41__ action on global warming in 1990 and says he's been worried about the __42__ of man on the environment since he was a teenager.
Although he has gradually gained international __43__ as one of the world's leading conservationists, many British people still think of him as a __44__ person who talks to plants. This year, as it happens, South Korean scientists proved that plants really do __45__ to sound. So Charles was ahead of the game there, too.
第一步，首先扫读备选单词，做到对这些单词心中有数，如看到A) conform，要知道它的词性以及意思：vi/vt/ adj遵守；再如N) unnatural： adj不自然的，unnaturally adv，natural 自然的。扫读完所有备选单词之后，开始读文章。这里要注意尽量往空格后多一句解读，如They laughed in 1986 when the heir to the British __36__ told a TV reporter that he talked to his plants at his country house, Highgrove, to stimulate their growth. The Prince was being humorous — “My sense of humor will get me into trouble one day”，即：1986年，当这位英国继承人告诉一位电视记者，他与他乡村别墅海格罗夫的植物交谈以刺激它们的生长时，他们笑了。王子很幽默——“我的幽默感总有一天会让我陷入麻烦，”读完这句话我们可以在心理判断出此处需要一个名词，根据heir继承人可以推断出只有M) throne“宝座”符合答案。依次往后，不确定的可以先跳过，等做到最后再回过头通读全文，进行个别答案的补充。
【参考答案】
36. throne        37. environmentalist    38. notions       39. organic
40. unnaturally        41. urging    42. impact       43. recognition
44. eccentric        45. respond
除了解题步骤，我们还要注意这一类题型的解题技巧：
针对选词填空，文章是15个空，同时给出了15个词。因此在做题过程中最好不要做一个就排除一个，除非我们对这个答案百分百有把握，否则的话很容易做错一连串。此外也不建议考生在读备选的时候把每一个单词的意思写在边上，考虑到词汇的意思比较多，这样很可能浪费不必要的时间。