1、In this paper we confirm the NJS-B's results showing that education has positive externalities with respect to trust.

2、Individuals with more education tend to be more engaged citizens!

3、The latter finding drew our attention because it seemed to contradict what we and others had been finding for the individual and community-level effects of education on the accumulation of social capital!

4、To the extent that education is merely about sorting people, not about adding to their skills and knowledge and civic values, then no puzzle remains to be explained. In fact, NJS-B conclude, participation is affected primarily by relative educational levels,and thus has not been rising with aggregate educational levels!

5、We will therefore be able to make the more optimistic conclusion that educaiton can be seen as increasing rather than merely redistributing social capital.