http://mathforum.org/kb/message.jspa?messageID=456176&tstart=0
有以下内容，供参考
R stood for "Right" or "Right Triangular",


>        The name "QR" is derived from the use of the letter Q to
>        denote orthogonal matrices and the letter R to denote right
>        triangular matrices.


I don't know. My guess is that they wanted to use O for orthogonal but
it would look too much like 0 (zero), so they used Q instead. According to
,
Turing introduced the LU decomposition in 1948, and "The benefits of the QR
decomposition was realized a decade later".

窃以为，Q代表正交矩正，R代表上三角矩阵，仅仅是一个习惯用法，我看过几乎所有书里这两个字母都代表这两种矩阵，这个分解也就叫QR分解了。其实话说回来，起名字就是为了好记，服从习惯用法的不就是最好记的吗？

飘过

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In linear algebra, a QR decomposition (also called a QR factorization) of a matrix is a decomposition of a matrix A into a product A=QR of an orthogonal matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix R. QR decomposition is often used to solve the linear least squares problem, and is the basis for a particular eigenvalue algorithm, the QR algorithm.
If A has linearly independent columns (say n columns), then the first n columns of Q form an orthonormal basis for the column space of A. More specifically, the first k columns of Q form an orthonormal basis for the span of the first k columns of A for any 1≤k≤n.[1] The fact that any column k of A only depends on the first k columns of Q is responsible for the triangular form of R.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_decomposition