Writing Backwards
The Pyramid 从结论说起
The Governing Thought (TOPS) 中心思想
Logical Arguments 逻辑论证
Logical Groupings 逻辑组合
No Gaps, No Overlaps (MECE) 不遗漏、不重叠(不多不少)
What is our main message (governing thought)? Is it TOPS?
我们主要传达的信息(中心思想)是什麽？是否合乎TOPS的标准 ？
Should we use an argument or a grouping?
应采用论证式还是组合式？
Does our final structure pass the relevant logic test?
最后的架构是否通过有关的逻辑测试呢？
For groupings, are the points logically the same (e.g., all steps, all problems, all benefits) and in the logical order?
如采用逻辑组合方式，各要点在逻辑上是否相同(如：都是步骤、问题或利益？)并按照逻辑顺序排列？
For arguments, does the second point comment on the first point in a way that leads to the third point and only the third point?
如采用逻辑论证方式，第二点是否是针对第一点的评论意见，并一定会引申到第三点而不致引申到其他地方？
Do both arguments and groupings support their summary in a MECE way?
用论证式或组合式的论点是否可不多不少地支持结论呢？
Mutually exclusive (ME): Is each point used only once and in the best place?
相互之间具有排他性：每一个论点是否只用一次并用在最适当的位置 ？
Collectively exhaustive (CE): Do we have all the points we need to support or defend the summary idea?
整体而言毫无遗漏：我们是否提出了支持或辩护结论中心思想所需的全部论点呢 ？