杨斌:为全世界人民敲响的警钟
早就听说《一个经济杀手的自白》是美国的一本畅销书,该书出版的第一星期,就荣登了美国最大的亚马逊书店的畅销书排行榜的首位,刚刚出版的头五个星期中就再版了五次,这种广受读者欢迎的程度在美国出版史上是前所未有的。令人感到奇怪的是,美国受到大财团控制的主流媒体,一反喜欢跟踪炒作热门话题以扩大公众影响的常规,对这样一本受到空前欢迎的畅销书保持了耐人寻味的沉默。当然,作者约翰·帕金斯在该书中通过叙述自己的亲身经历,揭露了美国政界、情报机构和大财团鲜为人知的不光彩一面,倘若美国主流媒体感到该书中有不实之词或夸大捏造,完全可以尽情抨击、挞伐以消除在公众中造成的不利影响,但是,美国主流媒体这一次却选择了刻意回避和保持沉默。这种情形更加激起了我对《一个经济杀手的自白》的浓厚兴趣。
约翰·帕金斯在书中揭露,经济杀手披着经济学家、银行家、国际金融顾问之类的合法外衣,其实却肩负着建立美国全球霸权的战略任务,现在的“美帝国”不同于历史上的强大帝国,主要是以经济而非武力操纵别国;“经济杀手”无所不做,如通过贿赂、色情、威胁敲诈甚至暗杀等手段,拉拢、控制别国的政治经济精英;蓄意作出错误的宏观经济分析和产业投资建议,诱骗发展中国家落入预设的经济陷阱,控制这些国家的经济命脉和自然资源,通过欺骗手段让成万亿资金源源不断地流入美国,巩固、扩大美国在全球的经济、政治和军事霸权。约翰·帕金斯揭露,在经济全球化的时代,美国为谋求建立全球霸权,派遣经济杀手到世界各地发动的隐蔽经济战争,其规模空前巨大,令人恐怖。
约翰·帕金斯写道,这是一个属于你和我的共同的世界的故事,一个真正意义上的全球帝国的故事,全世界每一个人的切身利益都受到影响,需要我们每一个人关心并努力改变它的进程,才能避免它以危害全人类的悲剧告终。正因如此,每当这本书被翻译成不同语言并且在不同国家出版时,都受到世界各国公众的普遍欢迎。这本书之所以受到世界各国的不同读者群体的广泛欢迎,因为它兼具很高的历史价值、学术价值和娱乐价值,揭开了塑造世界历史的重大事件背后深藏的内幕,揭示了全球化经济运作的潜规则和阴暗面,作者称他的经历不像一个职业经济学家,而更像《007》电影中的詹姆斯· 邦德,的确,这个故事的复杂曲折和引人入胜,不亚于好莱坞的大片《007》,而真实性和贴近普通公众生活方面则更胜一筹。
对于我来说,约翰·帕金斯描述的经济杀手概念并不陌生。20世纪80年代,我曾留学日本研修国际关系学,就知道越战后期美国流行的国际“缓和”理论,明确提出“冷战”遏制政策效果不好,越南战争的军事冒险付出的代价更大,主张利用经济杠杆培育战略依赖性,通过贸易、金融、贷款、能源、粮食等筹码,形成支配世界格局的新政策武器网络。1999年,我通过长期潜心研究,撰写了《威胁中国的隐蔽战争》一书,论述了美国为何从“冷战”转向“缓和”战略,运用政治、外交、经济等方面手腕,暗中策划全球隐蔽经济战的攻势,打击国际对手谋求建立世界霸权。我认为隐蔽经济战争比较军事攻击,对中国来说构成了更现实的威胁,不仅威胁到国家安全和经济命脉,还直接威胁到普通人的切身利益。
令我备感欣慰的是,约翰·帕金斯书中揭露的大量经济杀手内幕,以丰富翔实而又无可辩驳的历史事实,证明了我在《威胁中国的隐蔽战争》中所作的分析判断,美国国际战略专家提出的隐蔽经济战争设想,确实并非只是文人墨客的夸夸其谈,也没有停留在学术研究和理论探讨的阶段,后来果然化成了经济杀手手中的厉害暗器,变成了他们发动隐蔽经济战的致命“杀手锏”。约翰·帕金斯正是在美国深陷越南困境的1971年,开始被美国国家安全局——比中央情报局规模更大、更秘密的情报机构,培养成一名不同于披坚执锐、身穿盔甲的帝国武士的经济杀手,在经济战线上继续美国在战场上输掉的战争,为谋求建立美国全球帝国的霸权目标而效力。约翰·帕金斯在书中写道,那时美国已经清楚地意识到,如果想要实现全球帝国的梦想,就必须将20世纪50年代美国策划伊朗政变的成功策略,发展为一种通过经济杀手发动的隐蔽战争,“这是唯一能躲过核灾难,不留一滴血就能战胜苏联的方式”。
值得指出,约翰·帕金斯揭露的经济杀手内幕,并不是孤立的、缺少旁证的陈述,已经有大量西方披露的史料从不同的侧面,证实了美国经济杀手和隐蔽经济战争的真实性。1996年,美国中央情报局前雇员彼得·施瓦茨,撰写出版了一本著作,题为《胜利——里根政府对前苏联的秘密战略》,透露了八十年代美国中央情报局雇佣一大批专家,包括国际政治、经济学、心理学等方面的专家,策划瓦解前苏联的秘密战略的幕后活动。施瓦茨在该书中写道,中央情报局长凯西为了实施秘密战略,被里根总统赋予极大的权力,超过历届政府的前任中央情报局长,可以直接进入总统的椭圆办公室,要求外交、经济、军事部门予以合作,国际事务权限甚至与国务卿相同。2004年3月,美国出版了《万丈深渊:一名知情者记忆中的冷战史》一书,作者托马斯·里德曾担任空军部长兼国家安全委员会成员。他撰写的书中透露,在冷战后期,威廉·凯西领导的中情局对苏联展开了“冷酷无情的经济战”,包括以假技术情报造成西伯利亚一条天然气管道发生了大爆炸,破坏对前苏联赚取外汇硬通货具有关键性的能源产业。前苏联解体导致世界格局发生失衡的今天,美国早已不屑于继续隐瞒谋求全球霸权的野心。近年来,美英政府高官毫不隐讳地频频鼓噪新帝国主义理论,公开提出了建立新罗马帝国的宏伟蓝图,还声称将国际货币基金等国际经济组织当做新帝国主义工具,可运用包括欺骗在内的‘丛林规则’对付中国和第三世界国家。美国获诺贝尔奖的著名经济学家斯蒂格利茨,也通过担任世界银行副行长的亲身经历,揭露了美国操纵国际金融机构强迫推行新自由主义的“华盛顿共识”,蓄意误导前苏联东欧转轨国家和发展中国家的经济改革,致使其爆发经济金融危机并陷入社会灾难的内幕。倘若将这些从不同侧面暴露的证据联系起来,我们就能清楚地看到美国全球隐蔽经济战争的巨大规模,经济杀手在世界各个角落的可怕阴影几乎无处不在,对中国经济金融安全和广大民众的利益也构成了严重威胁。
在这种严峻的国际形势下,《一个经济杀手的自白》中文译本的出版,对于我们重新认识全球化时代的世界经济,维护中国的经济金融安全和百姓利益,具有极为重要的现实意义。对于中国的不同读者群体来说,包括政府官员、企业家、经济工作者、知识分子和广大民众,《一个经济杀手的自白》都颇为值得一读。正如约翰·帕金斯在该书中所描述的,经济杀手的穿着打扮同学者教师和一般生意人无异,在世界各地,他们看起来就像普通的企业家、银行家和政府官员,他们的外表普通而谦恭,总是宣称要为其它国家人民带来种种好处,冠冕堂皇地谈论着经济增长的奇迹,但是,倘若我们不能识别经济杀手就随时可能落入陷阱。政府官员、企业家、经济学家尤其应谨记约翰·帕金斯的警示,美国经济杀手肩负的一项重要战略任务,就是不择手段拉拢腐蚀世界各国的政治经济精英,通过行贿、色情利诱并且利用腐败证据威胁敲诈,向他们提出错误的宏观经济分析和经济发展建议,诱迫他们落入经济陷阱并产生战略依赖性,进而廉价收购、控制经济命脉、战略产业和自然资源,诱发经济危机、社会动荡甚至制造颜色革命,最终导致中国沦为类似拉美的“香蕉共和国”,深陷贫困的泥潭却无法摆脱对美国的依附。这方面,俄罗斯、阿根廷等国的精英就是很好的前车之鉴,曾被称为“市场之父”、“私有化之父”的盖达尔、丘拜斯、卡瓦略,他们积极推动新自由主义改革服务于美国的全球利益,却给本国经济和广大民众利益造成了巨大损害。盖达尔、丘拜斯在俄罗斯几乎成为人人喊打的“过街老鼠”,在西方经济学界也成为遭到批评、耻笑的对象,他们在美国占领伊拉克后受雇设计私有化改革,充当甚至连西方经济学家都不耻扮演的角色,充分暴露了其受到美国经济杀手控制的买办身份。阿根廷前经济部长卡瓦略推动私有化颇受美国赞扬,他在爆发金融危机后因涉嫌违反经济安全法遭到逮捕,罪名是向美国跨国银行泄密协助资本外逃并逃避管制。俄罗斯、阿根廷的政治家如前总统叶利钦、梅内姆,也因重用新自由主义经济学家带来社会灾难变得声誉扫地。委任卡瓦略担任经济部长的阿根廷前总统梅内姆,因涉嫌私有化腐败遭到阿根廷的引渡通缉;阿根廷被经济杀手收买的腐败政府官员,通过廉价贱卖国有企业虽然捞了不少好处,不料却在银行危机和股市崩盘中损失惨重,遭到更加贪婪的美国金融大鳄的洗劫。叶利钦也后悔地说都是主管私有化的“丘拜斯惹的祸”,他终于领悟到经济学家缺乏国家安全意识的危害,最后任命的三届总理都来自国家安全部门。普京执政后为了抵御美国经济杀手渗透的威胁,向政府各部门、地方和大企业大量委派安全部门的官员,美国对普京维护民族利益的举措极为恼怒,称俄罗斯走向了专制主义的错误道路,俄罗斯民众却极为拥护普京打击寡头和实行能源产业重新国有化的措施。
《一个经济杀手的自白》对于广大民众来说也颇值得一读,不仅因为它是比侦探小说更为精彩的真实故事,还因为它讲述的故事同广大民众的利益戚戚相关。正如约翰·帕金斯在该书中所叙述的,美国为了谋求全球经济、政治和军事霸权,不仅将像中国这样有影响的大国视为眼中钉,而且也不放过拉美的资本主义小国如厄瓜多尔、巴拿马。约翰·帕金斯本人曾以跨国公司首席经济学家的公开身份,到厄瓜多尔、巴拿马参与发电厂建设项目的经济咨询,其实是执行美国政府委派给经济杀手的战略使命。令约翰·帕金斯后来深深感到良心谴责的是,拥有丰富石油资源的厄瓜多尔落入经济杀手设置的陷阱后,经济增长并未给广大民众带来任何好处,挣扎在贫困线上的人口却从50%上升到70%,就业不足和失业率从15%飙升到70%,国债从2.4亿美元猛涨到160亿美元。约翰·帕金斯这样写道,“世界上并非仅厄瓜多尔一个国家是如此。几乎每个被经济杀手网罗到美国‘保护伞’下的国家,都遭受着同样的厄运”,“在许多国家,经济增长的受益者仅仅是一小撮人,而大多数人却越来越穷”。更为令人感到气愤的是,那些拉美国家关心普通民众的正直政治家,尽管他们对美国友好并且相信资本主义民主,动辄被ഴ上拥护共产主义的激进左派标签,遭到经济杀手不则手段的迫害、排挤甚至暗杀,然后被愿意接受经济杀手贿赂的腐败官员取而代之。
令世人深感庆幸的是,约翰·帕金斯在经历了很多年痛苦的内心矛盾和思想斗争之后,终于鼓起勇气将经济杀手的真相告诉全世界人民,他对自己作为经济杀手所犯下的罪行进行了深深的忏悔,他认为美国正在背叛了其开国宪章所确立的共和国精神,转而效仿美国开国先贤所反抗的大英帝国殖民主义,他决心效仿那个冒着生命危险疾驰穿过新英格兰乡村,大声发出“英国人来了”警报的勇敢孤独骑士,呼唤全世界人民像当年美国人民一样起来响应,阻挡美国效仿当年英国那样谋求建立全球帝国霸权。我对约翰·帕金斯的精神深感敬佩,衷心希望他的善良愿望能够如愿以偿。
杨斌
2006年9月8日于北京
推荐语:
这是一本在美国备受争议的图书。它以纪实小说的形式,以内幕知情人的身份,真实和完整地再现了美国政府是如何通过经济杀手,运用各种高明手段,控制他国政治精英和经济命脉,从而建立起全球霸权的。
书中披露了“美国援助”背后的真实企图,揭开了近代历史上几起重大事件背后的秘密,如伊朗国王的倒台、巴拿马总统奥马尔·托里霍斯之死、美国入侵巴拿马和伊拉克,这些事件均由美国所控制。
该书在美国上市以来,仅一个星期便登上了亚马逊网站畅销书榜首,至今已经被翻译成20多种语言。原书的电影制作版权已授予迪斯尼旗下的制片公司,由好莱坞巨星哈里森·福特主演。
早就听说《一个经济杀手的自白》是美国的一本畅销书,该书出版的第一星期,就荣登了美国最大的亚马逊书店的畅销书排行榜的首位,刚刚出版的头五个星期中就再版了五次,这种广受读者欢迎的程度在美国出版史上是前所未有的。令人感到奇怪的是,美国受到大财团控制的主流媒体,一反喜欢跟踪炒作热门话题以扩大公众影响的常规,对这样一本受到空前欢迎的畅销书保持了耐人寻味的沉默。当然,作者约翰·帕金斯在该书中通过叙述自己的亲身经历,揭露了美国政界、情报机构和大财团鲜为人知的不光彩一面,倘若美国主流媒体感到该书中有不实之词或夸大捏造,完全可以尽情抨击、挞伐以消除在公众中造成的不利影响,但是,美国主流媒体这一次却选择了刻意回避和保持沉默。这种情形更加激起了我对《一个经济杀手的自白》的浓厚兴趣。
是没有组织语言?其中介绍文字矛盾不少啊
懂英文的自己看看对一个网友对此书的评价吧.当然如果你懂英文而又坚信美国是万恶之源,也就不用看了.
HIS STORY
John Perkins' tale is the basic conspiracy story, writ large. In it the villains are the U.S. government, shadowy intelligence organizations, greedy American corporations, and as a hook to make the story more plausible than the usual pretense of investigative journalism, John Perkins himself. His claim is that the U.S. National Security Agency recruited and encouraged him to work for a consulting firm in which he falsified data to support large loans for projects which were planned to fail. According to his conspiracy theory, the inevitable bankruptcy of these projects then led to American access to natural resources, military cooperation, and political support.
And who is this John Perkins, who claims he could confound the best economists of the World Bank and other aid institutions? According to biographical material scattered at random in the book, he majored in American Literature at Middlebury college, transferred, without a degree, to Boston University where he received a BA in Business Administration with emphasis in marketing. While the study of literature and marketing are quite apparent in his book, a basic economics course, which was surely required, was not. Oh yes, he "had taken a couple of intensive courses aimed at teaching executives the finer points of econometrics". It's nice to know that econometric modeling of developing countries is so easy!
The author presents no evidence that he was recruited to be an "Economic Hit Man" by the NSA. He admits that as a consultant he had no communication with anyone who ever even claimed to be NSA, nor did he ever receive any money from the NSA. Instead of evidence we are referred to shadowy figures which, because no details are given, can not be refuted. One is the "Uncle Frank", who is the friend of his stepfather (who is also unidentified). The other is the mysterious Claudine Martin who mentors him and steals his heart in what can only be referred to as dream sequences. He admits that no records of her exist. She warns him that true hit men, which he colorfully describes in his book as Jackals (too many spy novels, John?), will kill them if they ever tell the true story of what they are doing. Later when she has disappeared, and no one seems to know that she even existed he writes, "An image flashed before me of Claudine flailing, falling in a rain of bullets, assassinated." So now the tale has its heroine, albeit short lived. Assassinations play a walk-on role in two chapters near the end when two Latin American leaders are killed in plane crashes. These become assassinations in the author's view.
The author's musings and speculations of what happened on the world scene in the 60's and 70's are liberally mixed in with quite accurate reporting with footnotes supplied from popular sources. John Perkins shows us that he understands this technique when he writes, "Outright lies can be refuted. Documents like those few were impossible to refute because they were based on glimmers of truth, not open deceptions..." Perhaps John Perkins meant this statement to be the review of his book.
THE PROBABLE STORY
Most books tell us if the author has written other books and lists them both as evidence of credibility and to sell those books. This book merely states that Perkins is "The author of five previous books." A search shows that they are in the mystical, shamanistic genre. One, Shapeshifting: Techniques for Global and Personal Transformation, Sept. 1, 1997, was favorably reviewed this way. "He [John Perkins] tells fascinating stories of how he overcame his initial skepticism and doubt to become one with a chair, transform herbs into a newspaper, and travel through time and space as a blue ball of light."
If the author wrote "Hit Man" as a believer in not just the spiritual transformation of the mind, perhaps with some physiological effects, but in true super paranormal powers, then his motivation is easy to fathom. With a rich fantasy life, he could almost unconciously transform (I almost wrote shapeshift) his life experiences into a fantasy book. The Peace Corps exposed him to the poverty and injustice of the undeveloped world early, and the assumption must be that this would concern him even if he did join to avoid the draft. Consulting is a difficult profession ethically. You are often hired to tell the client what he wants to hear. The fact that you live well as an expatriate, who by accident of birth has a privileged life, while equally intelligent, hardworking people have little, increase the feelings of guilt. With these feelings, and little real grasp of the complexities of international development, it is an easy leap to a fantasy world to exorcize these demons. By transferring these evils to the government, shadowy security agencies, and greedy corporations, he and all of his readers who participate by believing him become almost guilt free. In several passages of the book he admitted to having lived in a fantasy world. Is he still living in that fantasy world?
There may be, however, a (to use one of the author's often used words) sinister explanation. The author, John Perkins, is a con man. He admits that as a consultant he was a con man. Some less charitable reviewers would say that an author who preys on readers beliefs in super paranormal powers is a con man. His remark quoted above to avoid outright lies and base what you say on glimmers of truth are almost the credo of a con man. Perhaps the niche market for shamanistic, spiritual books is just too small and the market for conspiracy theories just too tempting (think The Da Vinci Code). Watch out for his next book now that he has written a lucrative best seller.
SO WHAT?
So what if a writer crafts a conspiracy theory blaming America, intelligence agencies, and greedy corporations for most of the ills of the underdeveloped world? Because it diverts the public from the real concerns of international development. There are many good books written on this incredibly complex subject. How can we explain how some countries with minimal foreign aid and scarce natural resources take off economically? How do we eliminate the most inefficent tax of all, corruption? How can we quantify those quality of life issues which, as John Perkins correctly notes, are not a part of GDP? How can we harness the efficiency, innovation, and drive of market economics while providing social safety nets and regulating adequately to keep the free for all from getting out of hand? Many very smart, well educated, dedicated people are seeking these answers and writing about them. Economic shape shifting is unlikely to get us to good solutions.
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