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Constructive and destructive obedience: A taxonomy of principal–agent relationships.
Darley, John M.
Journal of Social Issues, Vol 51(3), 1995, 125-154.
Conducted a phenomenological analysis of the plight of Ss in S. Milgram's 1963 experiment. It is concluded that Ss who continued to give shocks should not be seen as deciding to inflict serious harm on another, but as torn between 2 incompatible perspectives on the meaning of continuation, one of which is enforced by the readings of the meanings of the actions of the experimenter. Next, drawing on the laws governing principle–agent relationships, a taxonomy of situations in which authority directs the actions of a subordinate is suggested. In different cells of the taxonomy, legal codes assign sharply different degrees of responsibility to the agent and the principal for harms that result from their joint projects; in the Milgram situation the entire responsibility for harms done rests on the experimenter. Finally, the concept of constructive obedience is illustrated in an experiment with 10 undergraduates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
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