1 论文标题

21st Century Regionalism: Filling the gap between 21st century trade and 20th century trade rules

2 作者信息
Richard Baldwin

3 出处和链接（比如，NBER working paper No.11000）

CEPR Policy Insight No. 56

4 摘要
The  last  time  multilateral  trade  rules  were
updated,  Bill  Clinton  was  in  his  frst  term
of  offce,  data  was  shared  by  airmailing  1.4
megabyte  HD  foppy  disks  (few  people  had
email), cellphones looked like bricks and calling
costs were measured in dollars per minute. Trade
mostly meant  selling  goods made  in  a  factory
in one nation  to a customer  in another. Simple
trade  needed  simple  rules  –  a  fact  refected  in
both multilateral and regional trade agreements.
Today’s  trade  is  radically  more  complex.  The
ICT  revolution  fostered  an  internationalisation
of supply chains, and this in turned created the
“trade-investment-service  nexus”  at  the  heart
of  so much of  today’s  international  commerce.
Complex  trade  needs  complex  rules.  As  the
WTO  was  otherwise  occupied,  the  incipient
governance  gap  was  flled  by  uncoordinated
developments  elsewhere  –  primarily  in  deep
regional  trade  agreements,  bilateral  investment
treaties,  and  autonomous  reforms  in  emerging
economies.  The  resulting  package  of  deeper
disciplines – what could be called “21st century
regionalism” – requires new thinking.