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2012-04-02

世行行长竞争激烈


The front-runner in the race to be the next president of the World Bank is both a half-decent rapper and a Korean-American physician and global-health expert who grew up in Iowa and is president of Dartmouth College. Jim Yong Kim has been nominated by President Obama to take up the post being vacated by Robert Zoellick in June, and he will likely win, due in large part to a gentleman’s agreement between the U.S. and Europe that has given the U.S. the power to choose the World Bank’s head ever since the organization’s founding. (John Cassidy wrote about Kim last week.)

But one of Kim’s two opponents, the Nigerian finance minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, a former managing director of the Bank, is not going down without a fight. (The other candidate is José Antonio Campo, the former finance minister of Colombia.) In what could be called fighting words, Okonjo-Iweala said this week that the vote for Zoellick’s successor will be a “hypocrisy” test. Okonjo-Iweala has said that if rich nations really want to recognize the contributions of the world’s emerging economies, it’s time for the World Bank’s leader to come from somewhere other than the United States.

The Nigerian leader, who has been finance minister since August—it’s her second stint in the job—has been endorsed by African giants like South Africa and the African Union, but her own constituency’s opinion of her is mixed. Okonjo-Iweala’s popularity took a deep dive only two months ago, when her attempt to suddenly and completely remove fuel subsidies throughout the country ignited mass protests and led to a severe slowdown of local trade and business for ordinary Nigerians. Though she told citizens that government deregulation of the petroleum industry would free up funds for other uses, and would be better for the economy, the message was understandably lost in a nation where the fruits of oil wealth go only to a privileged few. She gained accolades for restructuring Nigeria’s debt during her first run as finance minister, under former President Olusegun Obasanjo, but she has yet to change the image a significant portion of Nigerians have of her: an economist clearly adored by the West who has yet to make a concrete difference in changing the way Nigeria’s finances are managed.

The point Okonjo-Iweala is making with her candidacy is a compelling one, though. The agreement that gives the leadership of the World Bank to an American (and the International Monetary Fund to a European) is beginning to look embarrassingly outdated. At a time when Africa is the fastest-growing continent and the economies of India and China are booming, and at a point when innovative policies are needed to help poor countries develop in a sustainable way, someone like the Harvard and M.I.T.-educated Okonjo-Iweala, who can bring developed and developing together, appears very attractive. Just yesterday, the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa met for a summit in New Delhi at which they both raised their concern at their relative powerlessness in the International Monetary Fund and expressed their ire over the risky monetary policies of Western nations that have caused further instability in their own countries.

President Obama has been pushing for Kim even more strongly in recent days, and an upset is doubtful. Still, the politics of this race may have one unintended effect: the leaders at the New Delhi conference announced that they had instructed their finance ministers to look into the possibility of starting a development bank of their own.
Photograph by James Leynse/Corbis.



Read more http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/03/the-challenge-at-the-world-bank.html#ixzz1qqp3Agnt
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2012-4-2 11:43:56
在世界银行行长的竞选中,处于领先地位的金辰勇的声势并不强大,他是美籍韩国医生,是全球健康专家,出生并成长在Iowa州,现在是达特茅斯学院的院长。奥巴马总统提名金辰勇为世界银行行长的候选人,该职位将于6月 Robert Zoellick 任期结束后空缺,金辰勇很有可能会胜出,因为世界银行成立之后,美国与欧洲之间的绅士协定给予美国选择世界银行行长的权力,这将是金辰勇获胜的重要原因。((John Cassidy 在上周写了关于金辰勇的评论。)

金辰勇的两个竞争对手之一是尼日利亚的财政部长Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala,他之前是世行的理事,具有极强的竞争力。(另一候选人是 José Antonio Campo,曾经是哥伦比亚的财政部长。)Okonjo-Iweala 本周发布了很有战斗力的竞选发言,他说Zoellick的后任者的选举,其实是一场虚伪的竞赛。Okonjo-Iweala 说,如果富裕国家真的明白那些发展中国家对经济所做的贡献,那么世行行长就应该来自于其他国家,而不是美国。

尼日利亚的Okonjo-Iweala从去年八月任职为财政部长---这是她职业生涯中的第二个岗位---非洲经济大国如南非与非洲联盟都力荐她成为世行行长的候选人,不过对于Okonjo-Iweala的评论,有多方意见。2个月前Okonjo-Iweala在竞选中突然落后,因为她突然提出要在尼日利亚完全取消燃油补贴,该举措引起了大范围的抗议,并且当地民众的商业经济活动受到了严重下挫。虽然她告诉民众,ZF将把这些燃油补贴省下来的资金用于其它用途,并且是有利于经济发展的,不过这样的说法在尼日利亚根本站不住脚,因为那些从石油资源谋取的巨大利润都落入少数有权有势的阶层。在前人总统 Olusegun Obasanjo在任时,她在竞选财政部长的首次竞争中,因为提议重组尼日利亚债务结构而受到赞许,不过她还需努力改变尼日利亚人民对她的一个普遍看法:她是得到西方国家支持的经济学家,并将改变尼日利亚现在实行的财政方式。  

Okonjo-Iweala在世行行长的竞选中还是非常强势的。当初协议中规定世行行长由美国人出任(国际货币基金组织的领导人由欧洲人担任)的做法现在开始有点不合时宜。现在的非洲是一个经济飞速增长的非洲,印度与中国的经济增长也相当迅速, 那么当世界需要有革新的政策来帮助贫穷国家的经济取得持续发展时,那么像Okonjo-Iweala那样有哈佛与麻省理工学院的学习经历的候选人,将成为发达国家与发展中国家的桥梁,她是非常受到人们看好的。昨天,巴西,俄罗斯,印度,中国与南非的国家领导人在新德里召开峰会,会议中他们都表达了自己在国际货币基金组织中相当弱势的地位,并且对于西方国家采取的风险极大的货币政策表示了极大的愤怒,因为那些货币政策在这些国家中产生了不稳定因素。

奥巴马总统最近几天更卖力地为金辰勇助波推澜,让人怀疑是否有某种原因。不过在此次竞争中的政治无意中带来一种影响:新德里峰会的国家领导人们发表声明说,他们已经通知自己国家的财政部长要支持发展中国家的人选来出任世行行长。


不长,大家随便读吧


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2012-4-2 11:44:45
先顶后看~
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2012-4-2 13:07:17
顶顶啊!好贴不顶不行……
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2012-4-2 15:06:26
翻译的不错。
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2012-4-2 15:13:04
Zoellick has argued that the idea of starting the BRICS Bank is immature. Maybe he is right. But according to the changing of the world pattern,it's just a matter of time that the president of the World Bank being replaced by a candidate from developing countries.  
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