无知求知 发表于 2025-2-27 19:41 
第三类说得很清楚了, payments made by governments to people who do not supply goods or services in ...
你见过历史上有完美经济制度吗?有完全公平和对每个人一生都保证有收入的制度吗?
按劳分配,没有工作能力的小孩,病人,老人怎么办?楢山节考?
有病没有收入怎么办?失业没有收入怎么办?
所谓社会福利制度历史并不长,其实美不算好,北欧和日本才算福利好。
一个没有社会福利的社会就是唯利是图,没有同情心,崇拜丛林法则的社会。
关键是福利制度的运作和监管。最近马斯克就是调查这事。
但没有福利制度,袈裟人能生存了这么久吗?
Transfer Payments不光是无偿的福利,主要是社保。
美国社会保障的管理部门是美国社会保障管理局。
社保是美国联邦ZF管理的一个综合福利项目,主要目的是在退休、残疾或家庭失去经济来源时提供经济支持。
美国社会保障制度是指美国的社会保障制度,分为三大类:社会保险、社会救济和社会福利。[1]
1935年8月14日,《社会保障法》的签署标志着美国社会保障制度的正式确立。
我再引用Case & Fair这本书的这一段如下:
Income from the Government: Transfer Payments
Transfer payments are payments made by governments to people who do not supply goods or services in exchange. Unemployment insurance benefits, for example, are transfer payments. The largest single transfer program at the federal level is Social Security. This program receives money from working people in the form of social security contributions. It pays money to people who are retired or on disability. Net transfer payments are transfer payments made by governments to people minus the contributions that people make to the federal government through the Social Security program. In 2014 net transfer payments were 9 percent of total personal income in the United States.