非谓语动词作状语
不定式
过去分词
普通式
普通式
完成式
完成式
进行式
被    动
主      动
to do
doing
to be doing
to have done
having done
to be done
being done
to have been done
having been done
done
v-ing
非谓语动词时态、语态
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a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone.   My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.
b.在一些表示喜，恕，哀，乐等形容词后作原因状语：e.g. I am very glad to see you.    I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.
一．不定式作状语往往表示目标、结果、  原因、条件和比较。