1.What is functionalist translation theory?  定义1：功效翻译理论，又称“功效目标论”（Skopos theory，Skopos 是希腊词，意为“aim”或“purpose”），关键是： 依据译文语境，原文中哪些内容或成份能够保留，哪些需调整或改写，该由译文预期功效确定。  (方梦之主编：《译学词典》，上海外语教育出版社，第29页)  定义2：Skopos theory (pluralSkopos theories) is the idea that translating and interpreting should primarily take into account the function of both the source and target text.  (Paul Kussmaul, Training The Translator, 1995, John Benjamins Publishing Co, p. 149)
   功效目标理论与变译
  Skopos Theory and Adaptation
定义3： ...