英文文献：Working Paper 258 - Structural Transformation: A competitiveness-based view-工作论文258 -结构转型:基于竞争力的观点
英文文献作者：Ketels Christian
英文文献摘要：
Competitiveness has been proposed as an integrated framework to understand the drivers of prosperity differences across locations (Porter, 1990). This chapter outlines key elements of the competitiveness framework and relates them to the idea of structural transformation (Lin, 2016, 2012). What emerges are significant similarities and complementarities between the two, as well as other related work on new industrial policy, economic complexity, evolutionary economic geography and innovation systems. All of these approaches share a granular and often sector-specific perspective onmicroeconomic structures and systems, moving beyond macroeconomic, economy-wide, or single factor microeconomic explanations of prosperity and development.But there are also meaningful differences with significant policy implications: the competitiveness literature views sectoral composition as a largely endogenous part of development, while the structural transformation literature frames it as a fundamental driver of development. The competitiveness literature argues for a focus on upgrading competitiveness fundamentals in a highly context-specific way, using all existing clusters of related industries as platforms to inform and mobilize action to upgrade competitiveness. The structural transformation literature suggests pushingthe development of specific industries perceived to have more development potential, using industry specific interventions downside risk aversion. This underscores the need to account for farmers’ preferences towards higher order moments when designing technology adoption policies

竞争力被提出作为一个综合框架来理解不同地区繁荣差异的驱动因素(波特，1990)。本章概述了竞争力框架的关键要素，并将其与结构转型的理念联系起来(Lin, 2016, 2012)。出现的是两者之间的重大相似性和互补性，以及在新产业政策、经济复杂性、进化经济地理和创新系统方面的其他相关工作。所有这些方法在微观经济结构和系统上都有一个粒状的、通常是特定部门的观点，超越了对繁荣和发展的宏观经济、全经济或单一因素的微观经济解释。但也有重大的政策影响:竞争力文献将部门构成视为发展的主要内生部分，而结构转型文献则将其视为发展的基本驱动力。竞争力文献主张以高度具体的方式，利用所有现有的相关产业集群作为平台，以信息和动员行动升级竞争力，重点升级竞争力基础。关于结构转型的文献建议，利用特定行业的干预措施来推动被认为具有更多发展潜力的特定行业的发展，从而规避下行风险。这强调了在设计技术采用政策时考虑农民对更高阶时刻的偏好的必要性