zguohui69 发表于 2012-12-4 22:09 
求翻译
这个写得其实相当浅显了。。。虽然如此不能保证译得对：
Saving Economics from the Economists by Ronald Coase
从经济学家手中拯救经济学 罗纳德•科斯
Economics as currently presented in textbooks and taught in the classroom does not have much to do with business management, and still less with entrepreneurship. The degree to which economics is isolated from the ordinary business of life is extraordinary and unfortunate.
现今课堂和教科书中的经济学与商业管理没什么关系，更不用提企业家精神。经济学脱离普通生活到这种不可思议的程度，实在是遗憾。
That was not the case in the past. When modern economics was born, Adam Smith envisioned it as a study of the “nature and causes of the wealth of nations.” His seminal work, The Wealth of Nations, was widely read by businessmen, even though Smith disparaged them quite bluntly for their greed, shortsightedness, and other defects. The book also stirred up and guided debates among politicians on trade and other economic policies. The academic community in those days was small, and economists had to appeal to a broad audience. Even at the turn of the 20th century, Alfred Marshall managed to keep economics as “both a study of wealth and a branch of the study of man.” Economics remained relevant to industrialists.
在过去，情况不是这样的。当现代经济学诞生的时候，亚当•斯密预想的是这个学科是一门关于“国家财富的本性和来源”的学科。他的《国富论》被商人们广泛阅读，即便斯密对商人甚为不屑，因为他们贪婪、目光短浅，还有各种其他缺点。这本书的推出一石激起千层浪，在贸易以及其他经济政策方面引起了政治家们的广泛讨论。那时，（经济学的）学术界还很幼小，经济学家不得不迎合广大听众。即便在20世纪马歇尔也成功地保持了经济学作为“一门关于财富和关于人的学科”的本身。经济学（那时）还和企业家休戚相关。
In the 20th century, economics consolidated as a profession; economists could afford to write exclusively for one another. At the same time, the field experienced a paradigm shift, gradually identifying itself as a theoretical approach of economization and giving up the real-world economy as its subject matter. Today, production is marginalized in economics, and the paradigmatic question is a rather static one of resource allocation. The tools used by economists to analyze business firms are too abstract and speculative to offer any guidance to entrepreneurs and managers in their constant struggle to bring novel products to consumers at low cost.
在20世纪，经济学成了一种职业；经济学家有财力支持他们相互独立地写作。同时，经济学领域经历了一次范式的转变，从而渐渐地把经济学定位为一种关于节约（资源）的理论研究，不再把真实经济作为其主题。今天，（现实）生产在经济学中北边缘化，范式的（典型的）经济学问题是更为静态的——“（如何）配置资源”，经济学家用于分析公司的理论太过抽象，无法告诉企业家和经理们如何以低成本为顾客带来新产品。
This separation of economics from the working economy has severely damaged both the business community and the academic discipline. Since economics offers little in the way of practical insight, managers and entrepreneurs depend on their own business acumen, personal judgment, and rules of thumb in making decisions. In times of crisis, when business leaders lose their self-confidence, they often look to political power to fill the void. Government is increasingly seen as the ultimate solution to tough economic problems, from innovation to employment.
经济学与现实经济的这种分离对业界和学界都产生了严重的破坏。鉴于经济学在实践领域的洞见甚少，经理和企业家只能依赖他们自己的商业嗅觉、个人判断和无科学依据的决策。发生危机的时候，当商业领袖失去他们的自信，他们常常求助政治力量（而不是学界）去填补空白。
Economics thus becomes a convenient instrument the state uses to manage the economy, rather than a tool the public turns to for enlightenment about how the economy operates. But because it is no longer firmly grounded in systematic empirical investigation of the working of the economy, it is hardly up to the task. During most of human history, households and tribes largely lived on their own subsistence economy; their connections to one another and the outside world were tenuous and intermittent. This changed completely with the rise of the commercial society. Today, a modern market economy with its ever-finer division of labor depends on a constantly expanding network of trade. It requires an intricate web of social institutions to coordinate the working of markets and firms across various boundaries. At a time when the modern economy is becoming increasingly institutions-intensive, the reduction of economics to price theory is troubling enough. It is suicidal for the field to slide into a hard science of choice, ignoring the influences of society, history, culture, and politics on the working of the economy.
经济学于是成了国家管理经济的利器，而想了解经济如何运行的公众却不能从中获得启发（难道是想说普通人看不懂吗？）。但因为经济学已经不再基于对现实经济运作的系统的经验调查上，它也难以胜任这项任务。早人类历史的多数时间中，家庭和部落大多生活在各自的经济世界里，他们和其他人、和外界的联系是稀松的、断续的。（但）这种情况在商业社会的兴起中彻底改变了。现今，这个分工不断精细化的现代市场经济所基于的是不断扩大的贸易网络。这要求社会机构组成一张错综复杂的网络，从而协调跨越国界的企业运作和市场运作。在这个现代经济正变得愈发机构密集的时代，经济学沦为价格理论已经够麻烦的了，它若进一步成为关于选择的“自然科学”，而忽视社会、历史、文化、政治在经济运作中的影响，那简直就是自杀。
It is time to reengage the severely impoverished field of economics with the economy. Market economies springing up in China, India, Africa, and elsewhere herald a new era of entrepreneurship, and with it unprecedented opportunities for economists to study how the market economy gains its resilience in societies with cultural, institutional, and organizational diversities. But knowledge will come only if economics can be reoriented to the study of man as he is and the economic system as it actually exists.
是时候把（现实）经济融入这个思维枯竭了的经济学了。在中国、印度、非洲以及所有宣告了企业家精神新纪元到来的地方，市场经济如雨后春笋般快速成长起来，这对经济学家而言是一个空前的好机会，可以研究在有不同文化、不同制度、不同组织形式的社会中市场经济是如何站稳脚跟的。
评论：对主要做制度经济学的科斯而言，经济学其他分支的研究者所做的事情的确是距离文化、历史、制度等等很远
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