看帮助Factor variables的解释
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    [U] 11.4.3 Factor variables
Base levels
    You can specify the base level of a factor variable by using the ib. operator.  The syntax is
           Base          
           operator(*)    Description
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           ib#.           use # as base, #=value of variable
           ib(##).        use the #th ordered value as base (**)
           ib(first).     use smallest value as base (the default)
           ib(last).      use largest value as base
           ib(freq).      use most frequent value as base
           ibn.           no base level
           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (*) The i may be omitted.  For instance, you may type ib2.group or b2.group.
           (**) For example, ib(#2). means to use the second value as the base.
    If you want to use group==3 as the base in a regression, you can type,
        . regress y  i.sex ib3.group
    You can also permanently set the base levels of categorical variables by using the fvset command.
Selecting levels
    You can select a range of levels -- a range of virtual variables -- by using the i(numlist). operator.
         Examples          Description
         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         i2.cat            a single indicator for cat==2
         2.cat             same as i2.cat
         i(2 3 4).cat      three indicators, cat==2, cat==3, and cat==4;
                             same as i2.cat i3.cat i4.cat
         i(2/4).cat        same as i(2 3 4).cat
         2.cat#1.sex       a single indicator that is 1 when cat==2 and sex==1, and is 0 otherwise
         i2.cat#i1.sex     same as 2.cat#1.sex
         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------