2013
Regulation of Infrastructure MarketsLegal Cases and Materials on Seaports, Railways and AirportsAuthors:

• Davide Maresca
• …show all 1hide
  

ISBN: 978-3-642-33819-9 (Print) 978-3-642-33820-5  (Online)



Legal Cases and Materials on Seaports, Railways and Airports

Maresca, Davide

2013, XVIII, 264 p.


ISBN 978-3-642-33820-5

  Immediately available per PDF-download (no DRM, watermarked)

• About this book
  

•                                         First book on infrastructures regulation that allows a direct reading of the relevant cases
•                                         Comparative perspective: the American regulation of railways; the Italian  regulation of seaports, the French regulation of airports
•                                         Intuitive organization of the book through three thematic chapters: seaports, railways and airports
  

This casebook is an effort to explain the infrastructure markets under a unique perspective: the regulation. Regulation means the analysis of two main group of laws: Internal Market and Antitrust. The aim is to find a uniform regulation applicable to Infrastructures in the European common market, through a direct reading and explanation of judicial opinions. It is organized in five parts: two general chapters and three thematic chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the main European law principles applicable to the infrastructures markets. The second chapter applies the Services of General Interest doctrine to the Infrastructure markets: the key issue is the separation between the public administrations and the private companies operating the infrastructures. The thematic chapters are referred, respectively, to seaports, railways and airports. The leitmotiv of the examination is the binary perspective: the Internal Market rules and the protection of fair Competition.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 European Union Law: Main Principles and the Regulation of
Public Infrastructures ........................................................................................... 1
1.1 European Union Law’s Fundamental Principles and Scientific Method .......... 1
1.2 European Legal Principles Applicable to Infrastructures Regulation ............... 2
1.2.1 The Internal Market ................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 The Direct Effects of European Union Law and
Member States Liability .......................................................................... 6
1.2.3 Competition Law ................................................................................... 15
1.2.3.1 Agreements ................................................................................ 16
1.2.3.2 Abuse of Dominant Position ...................................................... 20
1.2.4 State Aid ................................................................................................ 21
1.2.5 General Principles of European Union Law .......................................... 25
1.2.5.1 Legal Certainty .......................................................................... 26
1.2.5.2 Separation ................................................................................. 30
1.2.5.3 The “In-House Providing” ......................................................... 33
1.2.6 Main Principles Pertaining to Concessions and Public Contracts ......... 35
1.2.6.1 Equality of Treatment ................................................................ 35
1.2.6.2 Proportionality ........................................................................... 36
1.2.6.3 Mutual Recognition ................................................................... 38
1.3 Procedures for Regulating the Infrastructures Market with
Legal Certainty, Good Administration, and Sincere Cooperation .................. 41
1.4 A Standard Procedure for Market Regulation in the Infrastructures Sector
Guided by the Principle of Good Administration (Model n. 1) ...................... 41
1.5 Introduction to the Standard Procedures for Awarding of Works
and Services (Design, Construction, and Maintenance) ................................. 47
1.5.1 Works Concessions ............................................................................... 47
1.5.2 Service Concessions .............................................................................. 47
1.5.2.1 The Open Procedure .................................................................. 48
1.5.2.2 The Restricted Procedure ........................................................... 48
1.5.2.3 The Negotiated Procedure ......................................................... 49
1.5.2.4 The Competitive Dialogue ......................................................... 49
1.6 Standard Procedure for Public Procurement of Works and Services
(Model n. 2) .................................................................................................... 53
1.7 Non-Standard Procedures for Awarding Public Contracts (Model n. 3) ........ 55
Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 58
XI
XII Table of Contents
Chapter 2 Infrastructures Management as a Service of General Interest ..... 61
2.1 The Construction and Management of Infrastructures as a Service
of General Interest .......................................................................................... 61
2.2 Standards of Infrastructures Regulation with Respect to European
Union Laws Concerning Quality, Safety and the Principle of Separation:
The Direct Effect of European Union Law ..................................................... 74
2.3 The Regulation of Infrastructures Through Public Authorities
and the “In House Providing” ......................................................................... 80
2.4 Infrastructures Construction and Management Through the
Concession Model: Awarding Procedures and Fundamental Freedoms ....... 102
2.5 The Principle of Separation and Violations of the Freedom
of Establishment: The Proportionality Test .................................................. 107
2.6 The Relevance of the Notion of Undertaking in the
Infrastructures Industry ................................................................................. 116
Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 128
Chapter 3 Seaports ............................................................................................ 131
3.1 The Principle of Separation in the Regulation of Ports: the Example
of Italian Port Authorities ............................................................................. 131
3.2 Planning and Environmental Protection in European Ports .......................... 135
3.3 The Financing of Ports Infrastructures Between Public-private
Partnerships and Public Policies ................................................................... 140
3.4 The Regulation of Port Areas According to the European Common
Market and Fundamental Freedoms............................................................. 143
3.5 The Liberalization of Terminal Activities: The Non-Discrimination
Principle and the Determination of the Relevant Market .............................. 150
3.6 The Technical Nautical Services Ancillary to Navigation:
Liberalization and Self-Consumption ........................................................... 161
Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 166
Chapter 4 Railways ........................................................................................... 169
4.1 The Application of Antitrust Law to the Railway Sector in the
United States Legal System .......................................................................... 169
4.2 The Reasonableness Test Applied to Railroads Services:
From the Per-Se Rule to the Rule of Reason ................................................ 176
4.3 The Rejection of the Public Utility Argument as a Justification
for Restraint of Trade .................................................................................... 180
4.4 Private Party Autonomy in the Rail Sector and Ruinous Competition:
The Joint Traffic Case .................................................................................. 187
4.5 Rail Liberalization in the European Union and the Refusal to Deal ............. 191
4.6 European Railway Markets Analysis: Transport Passengers, Traction,
and Infrastructures Access ........................................................................... 201
Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 213
Table of Contents XIII
Chapter 5 Airports ............................................................................................ 217
5.1 The Importance of the Concept of Airport System ....................................... 217
5.2 Summary of the EU Norms that are Applicable to Air Transportation
and Norms from Regulation Number 2408/92 ............................................. 220
5.3 Airport Systems as per Procedures from the European Commission
and the Laws of the European Court of Justice ............................................ 229
5.4 The Interchangeability of Airports for Direct Flights
and the Non-discrimination Principle ........................................................... 232
5.5 The Right to Serve Connecting Passengers from and to Long-range
Connections .................................................................................................. 238
5.6 The Liberalization of Cabotage and Infrastructures Saturation .................... 242
5.7 Traffic Allocation of International Flights According
to the Proportionality Principle ..................................................................... 247
5.8 Modifications Brought About by Regulation Number 1008/2008 ................ 260
Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 262