充分就业<完全就业

首先要能够定义“社会福利最大化”

一个没有政府干预的完全竞争市场达到市场均衡的时候,是否一定是完全就业,请解释为什么?

As the economy approaches its capscity (the full employment level), most available resources are already emloyed, so that available resources become scarce. As a result the level of resource prices will rise bringing inflation presure to the economy. Therefore the curve of aggregate supply becomes steeper as the economy moves towards full employment. With price rising, the aggregate quantity of demand will decrease, in which the equilibrium will be broken. If equilibrium would be achieved, price should fall in a lower level when the economy is operating below capacity. Hence equilibrium could not happen in the full employment level.

完全垄断市场能否达到社会福利最大化?不能,说出理由;能,则给出办法。

In the circular flow of income, the financial sector and the overseas sector become useless in the prefect monopoly market as the amount of savings, investment, imports and exports will return to zero. In this situation, income is lower than consumption because most profit is gain by monopolist. However government can redistribute the income by taxation and government expenditure, so that welfare can be maximised.

Whereas this condition is not benefit for growth of economy.

但是政府干预是要耗费成本的，不可能是零交易费用，因此完全垄断市场相比较于完全竞争市场总会减少社会福利