【名称及出版时间】：（欧盟潜在页岩气开发的气候影响）Climate impact of potential shale gas production in the EU
【文件格式】：PDF
【页数】：158
【目录或简介】
Table of contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background to the study .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Report Structure................................................................................................................. 2
2 Shale gas exploitation ................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Overview of shale gas production...................................................................................... 4
2.3 Process stages for the extraction of shale gas .................................................................. 5
2.4 Comparison of high volume hydraulic fracturing and conventional hydrocarbon extraction practices ..................................................................................................................................... 10
3 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from shale gas production ........................................... 14
3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Compilation of the evidence base.................................................................................... 14
3.3 Pre-production stage ....................................................................................................... 15
3.4 Production and Processing Stage ................................................................................... 27
3.5 Transportation and distribution ........................................................................................ 28
3.6 Well plugging and abandonment ..................................................................................... 28
3.7 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 28
4 Best available techniques for reducing GHG emissions ...................................................... 33
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 33
4.2 Pre-production ................................................................................................................. 33
4.3 Production Stage ............................................................................................................. 37
4.4 Well Plugging and Abandonment .................................................................................... 39
4.5 Applicability to Europe ..................................................................................................... 41
4.6 Management techniques ................................................................................................. 42
5 Hypothetical estimation of the lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from possible future shale gas exploitation in Europe ............................................................................................ 44
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 44
5.2 Modelling the shale gas life cycle .................................................................................... 44
5.3 Gas Life Cycle.................................................................................................................. 46
5.4 Coal Cycle ........................................................................................................................ 65
5.5 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 66
6 Legislation controlling GHG emissions from shale gas production ................................... 69
6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 69
6.2 Initial review of existing legislation ................................................................................... 69
6.3 Case Studies..............................................................................................

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