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诺奖得主门罗第一部小说集
《快乐影子舞》
门罗的《逃离》
诺奖得主门罗
“瑞典学院昨晚公布，2013年诺贝尔文学奖授予加拿大知名女作家爱丽丝·门罗(Alice Munro)，颁奖词将门罗介绍为“当代短篇小说大师”。国内文学评论界也在得知门罗获奖后称其“实至名归”。”
瑞典学院昨晚公布，2013年诺贝尔文学奖授予加拿大知名女作家爱丽丝·门罗(Alice Munro)，颁奖词将门罗介绍为“当代短篇小说大师”。门罗在接受一家加拿大媒体电话采访时说：“我知道我有赢的希望，但从来没想过会得奖。”瑞典学院永久秘书皮特·英格伦评价道，“短篇小说一直处于长篇小说的阴影中，门罗选择了这种艺术形式，她将它很好地开垦，接近完美。”
国内文学评论界也在得知门罗获奖后称其“实至名归”，但记者了解到，目前门罗翻译成中文的著作仅有《逃离》，出版于2009年。业内人士称之前一直没有引进可能是国内对长篇小说关注较多，而把短篇小说放在次要位置，此外同属英语文学，英美相对强势，而加拿大和澳大利亚文学相对较少。值得欣慰的是，译林出版社已经买下了门罗的7部作品，她的另一本小说《亲爱的生活》也正在翻译中，将由十月文艺出版社推出。
37岁才发表第一部作品
早期创作在孩子的呼噜声旁，或者等待烤炉的间歇中完成
今年82岁的门罗出生在渥太华，她的小说写的也都是这个城市郊区小镇中上演的平民中的爱情、家庭日常生活，而涉及的却都是和生老病死相关的严肃主题。这个女作家的笔触简单朴素，但却细腻地刻画出生活平淡真实的面貌，给人带来很真挚深沉的情感，这恰好显示了文学最本质的能量。很多人把她和写美国南方生活的福克纳和奥康纳相比，而美国犹太作家辛西娅·奥齐克甚至将门罗称为“当代契诃夫”，在很多欧美媒体的评论中，都毫不吝啬地给了她“当代最伟大小说家”的称号。
门罗一生创作了11部短篇小说集和1部类似故事集的长篇小说。1968年她37岁，发表了第一部短篇小说集《快乐影子舞》（Dance of the Happy Shades），一炮打红，并得了她的第一座加拿大总督文学奖。此时，她已是三个女儿的母亲。她的许多早期创作，是陆陆续续地在孩子的呼噜声旁，或者等待烤炉的间歇中完成的。她说：“人只要能控制自己的生活，就总能找到时间。”《快乐影子舞》前后花了20年才写完。
50岁之后，这个女人才真正开始拥有自己的生活，她爆发惊人的创作力。不过她写的都是她30岁到50岁期间历史背景中发生的故事。1978年，她的另一部小说集《你以为你是谁》又给她捧来了一座总督奖，在上世纪八九十年代，她每隔4年都要出一部短篇小说集，开始享有世界级的名誉。近年来，在美国的重要文学刊物如《纽约客》、《大西洋月刊》、《巴黎评论》上，都经常可以读到爱丽丝·门罗的作品。谈到为什么喜欢写短篇，她自己曾表示：“我想让读者感受到的惊人之处，不是‘发生了什么’，而是发生的方式。稍长的短篇小说对我最为合适。”
国内文学界：门罗获奖实至名归《逃离》成唯一中译本
门罗获奖的消息被国内文学界称为“实至名归”。北京大学中文系教授张颐武说，“门罗得奖完全不奇怪，她一直活跃于世界性的纯文学圈子里，是很有代表性的作家。门罗写作之中蕴含着复杂的技巧。此次获奖是她长年积累的结果。”文学评论家白烨认为，爱丽丝·门罗获奖比村上春树更实至名归，“门罗作为加拿大30年代的女作家，在短篇小说上成就斐然，虽然中国普通读者可能对她并不熟悉，但从文学专业角度，我们对她的作品和高度还是非常认可。”
但是记者了解到，虽然广受文学评论界赞誉，但门罗在中国普通读者中还是一个比较陌生的作家，获奖前，仅有一部作品《逃离》被翻译成中文。《逃离》是爱丽丝·门罗2004年的作品，全书由8个短篇小说组成。该书于2009年由北京十月文艺出版社出版，著名翻译家李文俊翻译。北京十月文艺出版社总编辑韩敬群非常喜欢门罗的作品，他将这次获奖称为“文学的意外之喜”。他认为门罗的作品不动声色地展现了人性，非常细腻，耐读，“她不是一个热闹的作家，她的不张扬的写作和以前一些诺奖得主张扬、狂欢的写作形成对比。”
李文俊介绍，我国的《世界文学》等刊物也多次对她的作品有过翻译与评介。门罗的作品除了故事吸引人，人物形象鲜明，也常有“含泪的笑”这类以往大师笔下的重要因素之外，还另有一些新的素质。英国的《新政治家》周刊曾在评论中指出：“门罗的分析、感觉与思想的能力，在准确性上几乎达到了普鲁斯特的高度。”上世纪80年代，门罗曾访问过中国。
出版社紧急加印《逃离》10万册
译林出版社确认已签下其七部重要作品
据新经典岳卫华介绍，《逃离》出版以来迄今已经卖了接近5万册，明天一早就将加印不少于10万册。这样一位重要的作家，为什么国内一直没有翻译引进？社科院文学所所长陆建德认为，可能跟国内更重视长篇小说，而不太看重短篇小说有关。当时他们决定引进第一本时，也没想到她会获奖，只是非常喜欢她的作品，值得推荐给国内读者。陆建德指出，门罗的“迟到”还因为同属英语文学，我们通常比较看重英美，而翻译加拿大、澳大利亚等地区作品相对较少，“我一个美国朋友非常喜欢门罗的作品，但是他在中国的外文书店竟然买不到她的书。”这从一个侧面也反映出我们对一些重要作家的忽视。但昨晚《逃离》在各网店已卖断货。
不过比较欣慰的是，新经典还将推出门罗的另一部小说《亲爱的生活》，目前正在翻译中。另外，译林出版社确认已签下其七部重要作品的版权协议，分别是《太多的欢乐》、《快乐影子舞》、《恨、友谊、追求、爱、婚姻》、《少女和女人的生活》、《公开的秘密》、《一个善良女子的爱》、《爱的进程》，囊括了门罗早中晚各个时期最具代表性的短篇小说作品。
译林出版社有关人士表示，门罗一直是译林关注的对象，这一揽子作品的引进版权早在今年上半年就已基本上谈妥，出版社将首先出版《公开的秘密》一书，预计最快于今年年底前同中国读者见面。
Alice Munro[size=0.8em]From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Alice Munro Contents [hide]
Alice Ann Munro (née Laidlaw; born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian author writing in English. The recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature and the 2009 Man Booker International Prize for her lifetime body of work, she is also a three-time winner of Canada's Governor General's Award for fiction.[1][2][3]The focus of Munro's fiction is her native southwestern Ontario.[4] Her "accessible, moving stories" explore human complexities in a seemingly effortless style.[5] Munro's writing has established her as "one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction," or, as Cynthia Ozick put it, "our Chekhov."[6] In 2013, Munro was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as "master of the modern short story".Born Alice Ann Laidlaw
10 July 1931 (age 82)
Wingham, Ontario, CanadaLanguage English Nationality Canadian Genres Short stories Notable award(s) Governor General's Awards(1968), (1978)
Man Booker International Prize (2009)
Nobel Prize in Literature(2013)Spouse(s) James Munro (1951–1972)
Gerald Fremlin (1976–2013)
Early life[edit]Munro was born in Wingham, Ontario. Her father, Robert Eric Laidlaw, was a fox and mink farmer,[7] and her mother, Anne Clarke Laidlaw (née Chamney), was a schoolteacher. Munro began writing as a teenager, publishing her first story, "The Dimensions of a Shadow," in 1950 while a student at the University of Western Ontario. During this period she worked as a waitress, a tobacco picker, and a library clerk. In 1951, she left the university, where she had been majoring in English since 1949, to marry fellow student James Munro. In 1963 the couple moved to Victoria where they opened Munro's Books which still operates.Career[edit]Munro's highly acclaimed first collection of stories, Dance of the Happy Shades (1968), won the Governor General's Award, Canada's highest literary prize.[8] That success was followed by Lives of Girls and Women (1971), a collection of interlinked stories sometimes erroneously described as a novel. In 1978, Munro's collection of interlinked stories Who Do You Think You Are? was published (titled The Beggar Maid: Stories of Flo and Rosein the United States). This book earned Munro a second Governor General's Literary Award.[9] From 1979 to 1982, she toured Australia, China andScandinavia. In 1980 Munro held the position of Writer-in-Residence at both the University of British Columbia and the University of Queensland. Through the 1980s and 1990s, she published a short-story collection about once every four years.Alice Munro's stories have appeared frequently in publications such as The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, Grand Street, Mademoiselle, and The Paris Review. In interviews to promote her 2006 collection The View from Castle Rock, Munro suggested that she might not publish any further collections. She has since recanted and published further work. Her collection, Too Much Happiness, was published in August 2009.[10] Her story "The Bear Came Over the Mountain" was adapted for the screen and directed by Sarah Polley as the film Away from Her, starring Julie Christie and Gordon Pinsent. It debuted at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival. Polley's adaptation was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, but lost to No Country for Old Men.At a Toronto appearance in October 2009, Munro indicated that she received treatment for cancer and a heart condition, the latter requiring bypass surgery. At that time, she indicated that her next work would involve a theme of sexual ambivalence.[11]On 10 October 2013, Munro was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, being cited as "master of the contemporary short story".[1][12][13] Munro is the first Canadian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature,[14] and the 13th woman laureate in its history.Writing style[edit]Many of Munro's stories are set in Huron County, Ontario. Her strong regional focus is one of the features of her fiction. Another is the omniscient narrator who serves to make sense of the world. Many compare Munro's small-town settings to writers of the U.S. rural South. Her female characters, though, are more complex. Much of Munro's work exemplifies the literary genre known as Southern Ontario Gothic.[15]Munro's work is often compared with the great short story writers. In Munro stories, as in Chekhov's, plot is secondary and "little happens." As with Chekhov, Garan Holcombe notes: "All is based on the epiphanic moment, the sudden enlightenment, the concise, subtle, revelatory detail." Munro's work deals with "love and work, and the failings of both. She shares Chekhov's obsession with time and our much-lamented inability to delay or prevent its relentless movement forward."[16]A frequent theme of her work—particularly evident in her early stories—has been the dilemmas of a girl coming of age and coming to terms with her family and the small town she grew up in. In recent work such as Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage (2001) and Runaway (2004) she has shifted her focus to the travails of middle age, of women alone and of the elderly. It is a mark of her style for characters to experience a revelation that sheds light on, and gives meaning to, an event.Munro's prose reveals the ambiguities of life: "ironic and serious at the same time," "mottoes of godliness and honor and flaming bigotry," "special, useless knowledge," "tones of shrill and happy outrage," "the bad taste, the heartlessness, the joy of it." Her style places the fantastic next to the ordinary, with each undercutting the other in ways that simply and effortlessly evoke life.[17] As Robert Thacker notes:"Munro's writing creates... an empathetic union among readers, critics most apparent among them. We are drawn to her writing by its verisimilitude – not of mimesis, so-called and... 'realism' – but rather the feeling of being itself... of just being a human being."[18]
Many critics have asserted that Munro's stories often have the emotional and literary depth of novels. The question of whether Munro actually writes short-stories or novels has often been asked. Alex Keegan, writing in Eclectica, has a simple answer: "Who cares? In most Munro stories there is as much as in many novels."[19]Personal life[edit]Munro married James Munro in 1951. Their daughters Sheila, Catherine, and Jenny were born in 1953, 1955, and 1957 respectively; Catherine died 15 hours after birth.In 1963, the Munros moved to Victoria where they opened Munro's Books, a popular bookstore still in business. In 1966, their daughter Andrea was born. Alice and James Munro were divorced in 1972.She returned to Ontario to become Writer-in-Residence at the University of Western Ontario, and in 1976 received an honorary LL.D. from the institution.[20] In 1976 she married Gerald Fremlin, a geographer. The couple moved to a farm outside Clinton, Ontario, and later to a house in Clinton, where Fremlin died in April 2013.[21]Tribute[edit]In 2002, her daughter Sheila Munro published a childhood memoir, Lives of Mothers and Daughters: Growing Up With Alice Munro.Books[edit]Original short story collections[edit]
Short story compilations[edit]
Selected awards and honours[edit]Awards[edit]
Honours[edit]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]Books[edit]
Periodicals[edit]
This section's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Pleaseimprove this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2013)
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