英文文献：Welfare enhancing coordination in consumer cooperatives under mixed oligopoly-混合寡头垄断下消费者合作社的福利促进协调
英文文献作者：Marco Marini,Paolo Polidori,Desiree Teobaldelli,Alberto Zevi
英文文献摘要：
The recent globalization of world economies has led the retail markets of developed countries towards increasing levels of integration and strategic interdependence. A non negligible share of retail and food markets is currently served by co-operative societies. Consistently with this trend, the consumer cooperatives have recently experienced increasing levels of integration. The main aim of this paper is to study the welfare effects of coordination among consumer cooperatives competing in quantities in a mixed oligopoly against profit-maximizing firms. We show that, in absence of agency problems, whereas under increasing or constant returns to scale a higher output coordination of consumer cooperatives may not affect the total welfare as long as a nonnegative profit constraint holds, under decreasing returns to scale the consumer cooperatives may contribute more to social welfare when acting on behalf of all consumers. This is because, by coordinating consumers' preferences, these firms can reduce their market output, thus helping the market to come closer to the first best. All together these results seem to provide an argument in favor of the recent process of integration involving consumer cooperatives in many developed countries.

最近世界经济的全球化已使发达国家的零售市场走向日益一体化和战略相互依存的程度。合作社目前在零售和食品市场占有不可忽视的份额。按照这一趋势，消费者合作社最近的一体化程度越来越高。本文的主要目的是研究在混合寡头垄断下，消费者合作社与利润最大化企业之间的数量竞争的协调对福利的影响。我们表明,在没有代理问题,而增加或规模收益不变下更高的产出协调消费者合作社也许不会影响总福利只要持有非负利润约束,在消费者合作社规模收益递减可能提供更多的社会福利当所有消费者的代表。这是因为，通过协调消费者的偏好，这些企业可以减少他们的市场产出，从而帮助市场更接近第一。所有这些结果似乎提供了一个支持最近许多发达国家消费者合作社一体化进程的论据。