英文文献：Sorting out Guidelines for the Good Evaluation of Research Practices-为研究实践的良好评估整理指导方针
英文文献作者：Cinzia Daraio,Alessio Vaccari
英文文献摘要：
In this paper, we propose the adoption of moral philosophy and in particular normative ethics, to clarify the concept of ???good?? evaluation of ???research practices?? . Our perspective is based on the idea that research is a form of social practice according to MacIntyre (1985)???s conceptualization. From MacIntyre???s notion, we elaborate three typologies of researcher: the leader, the good researcher and the honest researcher. Reflecting on what is a ???good?? research practice and on what is the role of researchers in it provides insight into some aspects of both the selfassessment process and how this promotes individual improvement. Moreover, this kind of reflection helps us to describe the functions (missions) of the research practices. A ???good?? evaluation should take into account all the building constituents of a ???good?? research practice and should be able to discriminate between good and bad research practices, while enforcing the functions of good research practices. These reflections may be the starting point for a paradigm shift in the evaluation of research practices which replaces an evaluation centred on products with an evaluation focused on the functions of these practices.

在本文中,我们提出采用道德哲学,特别是规范伦理学,澄清的概念??gooda评价一个???研究practicesa?。根据MacIntyre(1985)的概念，我们的观点是基于研究是一种社会实践的形式。从MacIntyrea??的概念出发，我们阐述了研究人员的三种类型:领导者、好的研究人员和诚实的研究人员。反思什么是一个??gooda?研究实践和研究人员的角色是什么它提供了洞察的某些方面selfassessment过程和如何促进个人的进步。此外，这种反思有助于我们描述研究实践的功能(使命)。一个??gooda?评估应该考虑的所有建筑组成一个??gooda?研究实践,应该能够区分好的和坏的研究实践,而执行的功能良好的研究实践。这些反思可能是研究实践评估中范式转变的起点，它将以产品为中心的评估替换为以这些实践的功能为中心的评估。