<p>小弟最近在做一个课题。其中分析劳动力成本上升时，我想用利用收入替代效应表现生产函数中公司对captial & labour之间的权衡取舍，但是微经当初没学好，平狄克的书上只有价格下跌时的图表模型。自己半分析半猜地画了一个出来，希望达人给与提示，如有错误欢迎指正。（见下图） <br/></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style=";">结合生产函数<span lang="EN-US">q=F(K,L)</span>与商品的替代与收入效应</span><span style="; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN;">劳动力成本上升的情况</span><span style=";">。</span></font></p><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style=";"><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">如果把用人单位看作是劳动力（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">L</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）与资本（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">K</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）两者的消费者。假设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>2</sub></span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">分别代表用人单位的两条无差异曲线，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RS</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">代表原始预算线，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">代表劳动力成本增加后的预算线。两种商品分别为劳动力（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">L</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）和资本（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">K</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">），并设它们都是正常品。点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">A</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RS</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的切点，点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">B</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>2</sub></span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的切点，点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">D</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">RT</span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">平行线与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">U<sub>1</sub></span><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的交点。见附件</span></span></font></p><font face="宋体"><span style=";"><span style="; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style=";">从两方面来看，首先由于生产要素的替代效应，用人单位会相应减少对<span lang="EN-US">L</span>的投入而增大<span lang="EN-US">K</span>的投入<span lang="EN-US">(</span>该效应可由线段<span lang="EN-US">F<sub>1</sub>E</span>表示<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，其结果就是社会总劳动力资本投入减少。其次，由于劳动力成本增长的收入效应，用人单位用于投入生产的总投入相对下降<span lang="EN-US">(</span>该效应可由线段<span lang="EN-US">E F<sub>2</sub></span>表示<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。从而导致社会总产出（<span lang="EN-US">q</span>）的下降。</span></p></span></span></font>

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-2-4 11:08:01编辑过]