E.g.: In derivative pricing, we know the europen derivative's price=expected discounted payoff under risk neutral measure
Expectation itself is an integral. Once you know the transition density f(ST|S0) of the underlying, you can solve the integral (expectation) numerically. exp(-rT)Int_{0}^{T}payoff(ST)f(ST|S0)dST (assume constant r)
Every stochastic differential equation implies a transition density. So once you know f(ST|S0), the derivative's price can be solved via numerical integral. (This indicates the importance of the transition density in asset pricing).