A company takes out an insurance policy to cover accidents that occur at its manufacturing plant. The probability that one or more accidents will occur during any given month is 3/5. The number of accidents that occur in any given month is independent of the number of accidents that occur in all other months.
Calculate the probability that there will be at least four months in which no accidents occur before the fourth month in which at least one accident occurs.
答案里说这道题用负二项分布,成功次数为4次(即有4次发生事故)。可是题目里没有说是4次成功啊,题目的意思是在第四个月发生事故之前,至少有三个月没发生事故吧?而且也没说第四个月就发生4次事故吧?为啥不是(2/5)^3*(3/5)的结果呢?或许是我没读懂题目??那题目又是什么意思呢???求大神帮帮忙。。。。。
1. 各月发生事故次数 i.i.d
2. P(事故超过1)=3/5
3. Calculate the probability that there will be at least four months
[
in which (in such period )no accidents occur before the fourth month
in which at least one accident occurs (+ in the last month).
]
定语从句结构分析的阅读题,表述的很含混,应该是这个意思。
这题要这样看,根据英文倒装习惯,分析后面“第4个带有事故的月”,后面in which at least one 。。。直接翻译成有事故,不管多少都是有事故。那么,也就是说,从这个“第4”往回数,至少有三个这样的月,即“第一个带有事故的月”“第2个带有事故的月”和“第3个带有事故的月”。这就是xOxOxOx,或者NB distribution。
然后回到再前面的at least four months,这个是4个没事故的月。一般这种概率,有1-(0个没事故的月)-(1个没事故的月)-(2个没事故的月)-(3个没事故的月),是最简单的想法,即解答方法1.
有事故月,即上面一段的O (代表有事故的月),第4个有事故的O不需考虑,因为只能放最后,且后面已经无关紧要。然后x (代表没有事故的月),每个x的位置可以放0个,1个,。。。,最多三个没事故的月;分别对应上述减法的每一个减去的项,再后面不需解释了吧。