英文文献：Thresholds of External Flows for Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa-撒哈拉以南非洲包容性人类发展的外部流动门槛
英文文献作者：Simplice A. Asongu,Joseph I. Uduji,Elda N. Okolo-Obasi
英文文献摘要：
This research investigates the incidence of enhancing external flows on inclusive human development in a panel of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It complements the literature by examining the relevance of enhancing three types of external flows, namely: development assistance, foreign investment and remittances. Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit, Fixed effects, Generalised Method of Moments and Quantile regressions are used as empirical strategies. The following main results are apparent: (i) between 60 and 150 (% of GDP) is the threshold of foreign aid; (ii) 33.333 (% of GDP) is the foreign investment threshold and (iii) 25 (% of GDP) is the critical mass of remittances. At the established critical masses or thresholds, external flows start having positive effects on inclusive human development. Countries characterized by inclusive development levels that are low need more investment in foreign aid for inclusive human development compared to their counterparts characterized by inclusive human development levels that are high.

这项研究调查了撒哈拉以南非洲48个国家的小组中加强外部流动对包容性人类发展的影响。它通过审查加强三种外部流动的相关性，即发展援助、外国投资和汇款，补充了文献。采用普通最小二乘、Tobit、固定效应、矩的一般方法和分位数回归作为经验策略。以下主要结果是明显的:(1)国外援助的门槛在60 - 150之间(占国内生产总值的%);(ii) 33.333(占国内生产总值的%)是外国投资的门槛，(iii) 25%(占国内生产总值的%)是汇款的临界数量。在确定的临界数量或阈值时，外部流动开始对包容性的人类发展产生积极影响。包容性发展水平较低的国家相对于包容性发展水平较高的国家，需要更多的对外援助投资用于包容性人类发展。