英文文献：Grain emergency reserve cooperation – A theoretical analysis of benefits from a common emergency reserve-粮食应急储备合作——对共同应急储备利益的理论分析摘要本文提出了一个具有理性预期的私人股东和生产者的两国模型，用以评估应急储备、私人仓储和贸易等稳定粮食价格的相关政策
英文文献作者：Brockhaus, Jan,Kalkuhl, Matthias
英文文献摘要：
This paper presents a two country model with private stockholders and producers featuring rational expectations which is used to evaluate emergency reserve, private storage and trade related policies to stabilize grain prices. Contrary to existing works, this paper looks at extreme events besides price volatility, both representing political concerns. Findings illustrate the benefits from trade and that private storage, even if subsidized, hardly manages to avoid extreme price spikes although it is very efficient in reducing price volatility. In contrast, a (common) public emergency reserve allows compensating large supply shortages at a reasonable level of fiscal costs while leaving the lower quantiles of the price distribution largely unaffected. A private storage subsidy significantly impacts trade whereas a reserve hardly does. Policy makers looking for stabilization mechanisms may consider either option or a combination thereof. Free trade is beneficial if stocking policies match while otherwise a free-rider problem is created.

与现有的研究相反，这篇论文关注的除了价格波动之外的极端事件，两者都代表着政治关切。研究结果说明了贸易的好处，而私人储存即使得到补贴，也很难避免价格的极端飙升，尽管它在减少价格波动方面非常有效。相比之下，公共应急储备允许以合理水平的财政成本补偿大量供应短缺，而不影响较低的价格分布。私人储存补贴会对贸易产生显著影响，而储备则几乎不会。寻求稳定机制的决策者可考虑其中一种选择或综合考虑。如果库存政策匹配，自由贸易是有益的，否则就会产生搭便车的问题。