R Graphic Cookbook

1969

收藏 2015-11-17

This practical guide provides more than 150 recipes to help you generate high-quality graphs quickly, without having to comb through all the details of R’s graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project, and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.

Most of the recipes use the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. If you have a basic understanding of the R language, you’re ready to get started.

Use R’s default graphics for quick exploration of data
Create a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots
Summarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and other examples
Provide annotations to help viewers interpret data
Control the overall appearance of graphics
Render data groups alongside each other for easy comparison
Use colors in plots
Create network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plots
Structure data for graphing

Chapter 1 R Basics
- Installing a Package
- Loading a Package
- Loading a Delimited Text Data File
- Loading Data from an Excel File
- Loading Data from an SPSS File
Chapter 2 Quickly Exploring Data
- Creating a Scatter Plot
- Creating a Line Graph
- Creating a Bar Graph
- Creating a Histogram
- Creating a Box Plot
- Plotting a Function Curve
Chapter 3 Bar Graphs
- Making a Basic Bar Graph
- Grouping Bars Together
- Making a Bar Graph of Counts
- Using Colors in a Bar Graph
- Coloring Negative and Positive Bars Differently
- Adjusting Bar Width and Spacing
- Making a Stacked Bar Graph
- Making a Proportional Stacked Bar Graph
- Adding Labels to a Bar Graph
- Making a Cleveland Dot Plot
Chapter 4 Line Graphs
- Making a Basic Line Graph
- Adding Points to a Line Graph
- Making a Line Graph with Multiple Lines
- Changing the Appearance of Lines
- Changing the Appearance of Points
- Making a Graph with a Shaded Area
- Making a Stacked Area Graph
- Making a Proportional Stacked Area Graph
- Adding a Confidence Region
Chapter 5 Scatter Plots
- Making a Basic Scatter Plot
- Grouping Data Points by a Variable Using Shape or Color
- Using Different Point Shapes
- Mapping a Continuous Variable to Color or Size
- Dealing with Overplotting
- Adding Fitted Regression Model Lines
- Adding Fitted Lines from an Existing Model
- Adding Fitted Lines from Multiple Existing Models
- Adding Annotations with Model Coefficients
- Adding Marginal Rugs to a Scatter Plot
- Labeling Points in a Scatter Plot
- Creating a Balloon Plot
- Making a Scatter Plot Matrix
Chapter 6 Summarized Data Distributions
- Making a Basic Histogram
- Making Multiple Histograms from Grouped Data
- Making a Density Curve
- Making Multiple Density Curves from Grouped Data
- Making a Frequency Polygon
- Making a Basic Box Plot
- Adding Notches to a Box Plot
- Adding Means to a Box Plot
- Making a Violin Plot
- Making a Dot Plot
- Making Multiple Dot Plots for Grouped Data
- Making a Density Plot of Two-Dimensional Data
Chapter 7 Annotations
- Adding Text Annotations
- Using Mathematical Expressions in Annotations
- Adding Lines
- Adding Line Segments and Arrows
- Adding a Shaded Rectangle
- Highlighting an Item
- Adding Error Bars
- Adding Annotations to Individual Facets
Chapter 8 Axes
- Swapping X- and Y-Axes
- Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis
- Reversing a Continuous Axis
- Changing the Order of Items on a Categorical Axis
- Setting the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes
- Setting the Positions of Tick Marks
- Removing Tick Marks and Labels
- Changing the Text of Tick Labels
- Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels
- Changing the Text of Axis Labels
- Removing Axis Labels
- Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels
- Showing Lines Along the Axes
- Using a Logarithmic Axis
- Adding Ticks for a Logarithmic Axis
- Making a Circular Graph
- Using Dates on an Axis
- Using Relative Times on an Axis
Chapter 9 Controlling the Overall Appearance of Graphs
- Setting the Title of a Graph
- Changing the Appearance of Text
- Using Themes
- Changing the Appearance of Theme Elements
- Creating Your Own Themes
- Hiding Grid Lines
Chapter 10 Legends
- Removing the Legend
- Changing the Position of a Legend
- Changing the Order of Items in a Legend
- Reversing the Order of Items in a Legend
- Changing a Legend Title
- Changing the Appearance of a Legend Title
- Removing a Legend Title
- Changing the Labels in a Legend
- Changing the Appearance of Legend Labels
- Using Labels with Multiple Lines of Text
Chapter 11 Facets
- Splitting Data into Subplots with Facets
- Using Facets with Different Axes
- Changing the Text of Facet Labels
- Changing the Appearance of Facet Labels and Headers
Chapter 12 Using Colors in Plots
- Setting the Colors of Objects
- Mapping Variables to Colors
- Using a Different Palette for a Discrete Variable
- Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Discrete Variable
- Using a Colorblind-Friendly Palette
- Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Continuous Variable
- Coloring a Shaded Region Based on Value
Chapter 13 Miscellaneous Graphs
- Making a Correlation Matrix
- Plotting a Function
- Shading a Subregion Under a Function Curve
- Creating a Network Graph
- Using Text Labels in a Network Graph
- Creating a Heat Map
- Creating a Three-Dimensional Scatter Plot
- Adding a Prediction Surface to a Three-Dimensional Plot
- Saving a Three-Dimensional Plot
- Animating a Three-Dimensional Plot
- Creating a Dendrogram
- Creating a Vector Field
- Creating a QQ Plot
- Creating a Graph of an Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function
- Creating a Mosaic Plot
- Creating a Pie Chart
- Creating a Map
- Creating a Choropleth Map
- Making a Map with a Clean Background
- Creating a Map from a Shapefile
Chapter 14 Output for Presentation
- Outputting to PDF Vector Files
- Outputting to SVG Vector Files
- Outputting to WMF Vector Files
- Editing a Vector Output File
- Outputting to Bitmap (PNG/TIFF) Files
- Using Fonts in PDF Files
- Using Fonts in Windows Bitmap or Screen Output
Chapter 15 Getting Your Data into Shape
- Creating a Data Frame
- Getting Information About a Data Structure
- Adding a Column to a Data Frame
- Deleting a Column from a Data Frame
- Renaming Columns in a Data Frame
- Reordering Columns in a Data Frame
- Getting a Subset of a Data Frame
- Changing the Order of Factor Levels
- Changing the Order of Factor Levels Based on Data Values
- Changing the Names of Factor Levels
- Removing Unused Levels from a Factor
- Changing the Names of Items in a Character Vector
- Recoding a Categorical Variable to Another Categorical Variable
- Recoding a Continuous Variable to a Categorical Variable
- Transforming Variables
- Transforming Variables by Group
- Summarizing Data by Groups
- Summarizing Data with Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals
- Converting Data from Wide to Long
- Converting Data from Long to Wide
- Converting a Time Series Object to Times and Values